Apparatuses, methods, and computer-readable medium for communication in a wireless local area network

ABSTRACT

Various aspects pertaining to apparatuses, methods, and computer-readable medium are described herein. Some aspects pertain to wireless communication between various apparatuses, such as an access point (AP) and a station (STA). The AP may have a radio, and the STA may have a first radio and a second radio. The radios may have various power states. Some aspects pertain to negotiation of various communication parameters. Some aspects pertain to communication of a packet and execution of various related operations. Some aspects pertain to certain uplink (UL) and/or downlink (DL) communications. Some aspects pertain to termination or teardown of the negotiated parameters. The written description and appended drawings provide detailed descriptions regarding these and many other aspects.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S)

The present application claims the benefit of and right of priority toU.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/752,675, titled “APPARATUSES,METHODS, AND COMPUTER-READABLE MEDIUM FOR COMMUNICATION,” filed Jan. 26,2020, which claims the benefit of and right of priority to U.S.Provisional Patent Application No. 62/941,762, titled “APPARATUSES,METHODS, AND COMPUTER-READABLE MEDIUM FOR COMMUNICATION,” filed Nov. 28,2019, the entirety of all of which is hereby expressly incorporated byreference herein.

TECHNICAL AREA

The present disclosure, generally, pertains to communication and, morespecifically, to apparatuses, methods, and computer-readable medium forcommunication.

BACKGROUND

A wireless local area network (WLAN) may refer to a network thatwirelessly connects two or more devices in a coverage area. A WLAN canbe deployed in many types of environments, such as residential,commercial, and/or public. Devices can be moved around in the coveragearea of the WLAN while maintaining a wireless connection. A WLAN may beutilized to access a local intranet and/or the Internet. Devices in aWLAN can communicate with each other using various protocols.Improvements to such protocols may enable relatively faster downloadand/or upload of information, relatively less latency, and/or relativelyless power consumption, which may provide various technical benefits andmay improve the overall user experience.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The drawings are not intended to limit the scope of the presentdisclosure nor any aspect of the claims. The drawings are providedsolely to illustrate a few aspects that may be described in greaterdetail throughout the present disclosure. Some aspects describedthroughout the present disclosure may not be illustrated in thedrawings.

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a non-limiting example of at least onewireless local area network (WLAN) according to some aspects of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a non-limiting example of wirelesscommunication between an access point (AP) and one or more stations(STAs) according to some aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a non-limiting example of variouscommunications at various times according to some aspects of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a non-limiting example of variousoperations according to some aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a non-limiting example of a STAaccording to some aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a non-limiting example of an APaccording to some aspects of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

A wireless local area network (WLAN) may include one or more accesspoints (APs) and/or one or more stations (STAs). In some aspects, theterm(s) ‘AP,’ ‘apparatus’ (e.g., an apparatus of an AP), and/or‘computer-readable medium’ (e.g., a computer-readable medium of an AP)may be, may reside within, and/or may refer to a router, a base station,a transmitter, a receiver, a base transceiver station, a radio basestation, a radio transceiver, a network, a basic service set (BSS), anextended service set, a computing device, a user equipment (UE), aphone, a node, a mesh node, a Node B, a relay, a range extender, a peer,a device, a scheduler, one or more software modules, one or morecomputer-executable code/instructions, one or more computer-readablemedium, one or more memory, one or more processor, one or more hardwarecomponents, one or more circuits or modules, any combination of any oneor more of the foregoing items, and/or any other suitable term(s), anyone or more of which may be suitable for performing any one or more ofthe methods, operations, steps, functions, features, and/or aspectsdescribed herein, e.g., with respect to AP 110.

In some aspects, the term(s) ‘STA,’ ‘apparatus’ (e.g., an apparatus ofan STA), and/or ‘computer-readable medium’ (e.g., a computer-readablemedium of an STA) may be, may reside within, and/or may refer to alaptop computer, a mobile phone, a cellular phone, a mobile station, aUE, a phone, a handset device, a subscriber station, a mobile unit, awireless device, a smartphone, a remote device, a tablet device, adesktop computer, a terminal, a mobile client, a client device, astationary device, a mesh node, a relay, a range extender, a peerdevice, a netbook, a notebook, a projector, a payment device, a displaydevice, a global positioning system device, a multimedia device, a gameconsole, a camera, a video-recorder, an entertainment device, a wearablecomputing device, glasses, a watch, headphones, computer peripherals,garage doors, garage door openers, wireless computer peripherals (e.g.,mouse, keyboard, etc.), an exercise device, an appliance, a transportvehicle, a car, a sensor, a stationary battery-powered device, a devicewith a sensor, office equipment, home equipment, industrial equipment, alow-power device, an inventory tracking device, an Internet-of-Things(IoT) device, a smart-home device, a system-on-a-chip (SoC), a consumerelectronics device, a schedulee, an inventory monitoring device, a homeenvironment monitoring device, an outdoor/environment monitoring device,a device used in automation, a device used in transportation, one ormore software modules, one or more computer-executablecode/instructions, one or more computer-readable medium, one or morememory, one or more processor, one or more hardware components, one ormore circuits or modules, any combination of any one or more of theforegoing items, and/or any other suitable term(s), any one or more ofwhich may be suitable for performing any one or more of the methods,operations, steps, functions, features, and/or aspects described herein,e.g., with respect to STA 120.

An AP may be configured to communicate downlink (DL) signals to one ormore other apparatuses, such as one or more STAs. An STA may beconfigured to communicate uplink (UL) signals to one or more otherapparatuses, such as one or more APs and/or one or more other STAs. DLcommunication may refer to any communication initiated by, originatedat, communicated from, generated by, and/or transmitted by an AP anddestined for, intended for, and/or received by an STA. UL communicationmay refer to any communication initiated by, originate at, communicatedfrom, generated by, and/or transmitted by an STA and destined for,intended for, and/or received by an AP. An AP and STA may implementvarious communications protocols to implement the methods, operations,steps, functions, features, and/or aspects described herein withoutdeviating from the scope of the present disclosure.

FIG. 1 is a diagram 100 illustrating a non-limiting example of at leastone WLAN according to some aspects of the present disclosure. In theexample illustrated in FIG. 1, AP₁ 110 has a coverage area 102 that atleast partially overlaps with a coverage area 104 of AP₂ 142. Thecoverage area 102 of AP₁ 110 includes STA₁ 120, STA₂ 116, and STA₄ 118.The coverage area 104 of AP₂ 142 includes STA₁ 120, STA₃ 144, and STA₅146. FIG. 1 illustrates many DL communications 122, 126, 152, 158 andmany UL communications 124, 128, 154, 156. Additionally oralternatively, STAs may communicate with each other via peer-to-peertransmissions 130, 132. Additional description related to certaincommunications is provided throughout the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 is a diagram 200 illustrating a non-limiting example of wirelesscommunication between an AP and one or more STAs according to someaspects of the present disclosure. AP 110 may have one or more radios.AP 110 may have one or more antennas 212, 214. STA 120 may include aprimary radio (PR) 222 and a secondary radio (SR) 224. STA 120 mayinclude one or more antennas 226, 228. Without deviating from the scopeof the present disclosure, STA 120 may have one or more PRs 222 and/orone or more SRs 224. Without deviating from the scope of the presentdisclosure, SR 224 may alternatively or interchangeably be referred toby various other terms, such as an awaken radio/receiver, a low-powerradio/receiver, and/or various other suitable terms. In some aspects, SR224 may be configured to sometimes consume less power than PR 222. Insome aspects, SR 224 may consume and/or utilize less power, resources,etc. than consumed and/or utilized by PR 222.

In some aspects, an apparatus may include one or more receivers and/orantennas. In some aspects, the apparatus may have one or moreprimary/main receivers and/or one or more secondary receivers. Asecondary receiver may also be referred to by various terms, such as anawaken radio/receiver, a low-power radio/receiver, and/or other terms.The secondary receiver(s)/radio(s) may consume and/or utilize lesspower, resources, etc. than the primary receiver(s)/radio(s). Thesecondary receiver(s) may be configured to awaken one or moreprimary/main receivers under certain circumstances, such as after/uponreceiving a certain type of packet (e.g., an awaken packet). In someaspects, an apparatus may include one or more receivers and/or antennas.

One of ordinary skill in the art will understand that certain termsdescribed/mentioned herein may be interchangeable without necessarilydeviating from their respective meaning. The terms packet, frame,beacon, signal, transmission, communication, and/or various othersuitable terms may be interchangeable without necessarily deviating fromthe scope of the present disclosure and/or without necessarily deviatingfrom their respective meaning. The terms awaken packet, request packet,awaken request packet, and/or various other suitable terms may beinterchangeable without necessarily deviating from the scope of thepresent disclosure and/or without necessarily deviating from theirrespective meaning. The terms request packet, awaken response packet,and/or various other suitable terms may be interchangeable withoutnecessarily deviating from the scope of the present disclosure and/orwithout necessarily deviating from their respective meaning.

In some aspects, the apparatus may utilize one or more of the secondaryreceivers (e.g., awaken radio(s)/receiver(s)) to receive a packet whileits primary/main receiver(s)/radio(s) is turned/powered off or in alow-power mode/state. In some aspects, the received packet may be (1)configured to trigger, awaken, turn on, and/or cause a high(er) powermode to occur for one or more of the receivers/radios (e.g., one or moreprimary/main radios/receivers) of the apparatus, and/or (2) configuredto trigger a response packet. After, in response to, and/or inassociation with receiving such a packet, the apparatus may (1) awakenthe one or more primary/main radios/receivers, and/or (2) cause aresponse packet to be communicated. If the main/primaryradio(s)/receiver(s) is turned/powered off or in the low-powerstate/mode, the apparatus may refrain or be unable to transmit acorresponding transmission (e.g., response). In some aspects, theapparatus may transmit a power save poll frame. In some aspects, aftertransmitting such a frame, the apparatus may receive a data packet andsubsequently transmit an acknowledgement frame/packet.

In some aspects, the receiver/STA may receive a packet. The packet mayor may not include a preamble. The packet may be an awaken packet, adata packet, an uplink transmission request, a trigger packet, a beacon,and/or various other types of packets. In some aspects, the packet maybe and/or may be encoded as an orthogonal frequency divisionmultiplexing (OFDM) packet. In some aspects, the packet may be modulatedusing various keying/modulation techniques, such as frequency shiftkeying, amplitude shift keying, phase shift keying, on off keying,quadrature amplitude modulation, and/or various other types ofmodulation or keying/modulation techniques.

In some aspects, the awaken request packet may include various fields,parameters, indications, data, and/or other information withoutdeviating from the scope of the present disclosure. In some aspects, theawaken request packet may include afield/parameter/indication/data/information indicating/correspondingto/associated with an indication, purpose, intention, objective, and/orother state/mode/configuration associated with the STA(s) that receivesthat awaken request packet. In some aspects, such indication, purpose,intention, objective, or other state/mode/configuration of the STA(s)may include a transmission, e.g., an UL transmission, ofinformation/data, which may be corresponding to or be after, in responseto, and/or in association with receipt of the awaken request packet. Insuch aspects, the STA(s) may communicate/transmit UL data/informationwithout/before polling, or transmitting a poll message (e.g., a powersave poll) to, the apparatus that communicated the awaken requestpacket, and/or without/before receiving a poll message (e.g., an uplinkdata poll) from the apparatus that communicated the awaken requestpacket.

In some aspects, such an indication, purpose, intention, objective,and/or other state/mode/configuration of the STA(s) may include asetting, configuration, or initialization of certain parameters of theSTA(s) that may have received the awaken request packet. In suchaspects, the STA(s) may communicate/transmit information indicating orcorresponding to one or more preferences of the STA(s) (e.g., one ormore preferences associated with settings/parameters/configurations ofUL communication) without polling, or transmitting a poll message (e.g.,a power save poll) to the apparatus that communicated the awaken requestpacket, and/or without/before receiving, from the apparatus thatcommunicated the awaken request packet, information indicating orcorresponding to one or more preferences of the STA(s) (e.g., one ormore preferences associated with settings/parameters/configurations ofUL communication).

A radio may communicate (e.g., transmit and/or receive data/information)using a wireless communication medium with another apparatus. As usedherein, in some aspects, without deviating from the scope of the presentdisclosure, the term ‘radio’ may refer to any set of one or morecomponents that can be utilized to generate radio waves. Such componentsmay include any one or more structures, modules, circuits, processors,algorithms, computer-readable medium, memory, interfaces, transceivers,antennas, and/or various other aspects, regardless of whether describedherein, that can implement the various features, functions, operations,elements, methods, and/or aspects described herein. Non-limitingexamples of such one or more components are described herein withreference to FIGS. 5 and 6 for AP 110 and STA 120, respectively. Thevarious features, functions, operations, elements, methods, and/oraspects described herein may be implemented in varying designs fordifferent radios without necessarily deviating from the scope of thepresent disclosure. As used herein, in some aspects, without deviatingfrom the scope of the present disclosure, the term ‘radio’ mayalternatively or interchangeably be referred to as receiver,transmitter, transceiver, transceiver circuit, radio circuit, link, linkcircuit, channel, channel circuit, communication circuit, and/or variousother suitable terms, including station (STA), STA radio, STA receiver,STA transmitter, STA transceiver, STA transceiver circuit, STA radiocircuit, STA link, STA link circuit, STA channel, STA channel circuit,STA communication circuit, access point (AP), AP radio, AP receiver, APtransmitter, AP transceiver, AP transceiver circuit, AP radio circuit,AP link, AP link circuit, AP channel, AP channel circuit, APcommunication circuit, entity (e.g., communication entity) radio, entity(e.g., communication entity) receiver, entity (e.g., communicationentity) transmitter, entity (e.g., communication entity) transceiver,entity (e.g., communication entity) transceiver circuit, entity (e.g.,communication entity) radio circuit, entity (e.g., communication entity)link, entity (e.g., communication entity) link circuit, entity (e.g.,communication entity) channel, entity (e.g., communication entity)channel circuit, entity (e.g., communication entity) communicationcircuit, and/or various other suitable terms. Accordingly, in someaspects, any one or more aspect described herein with respect to any oneor more of the foregoing terms can apply the same, similarly, orequivalently with respect to any one or more of the other foregoingterms without deviating from the scope of the present disclosure. Asused herein, in some aspects, the following terms may be interchangeablewithout deviating from the scope of the present disclosure: apparatus,AP, STA, entity (e.g., communication entity), radio, link, link circuit,channel, channel circuit, transceiver, receiver, transmitter,transceiver circuit, radio circuit, communication circuit, and/orvarious other suitable terms. Accordingly, in some aspects, any one ormore aspect described herein with respect to any one or more of theforegoing terms can apply the same, similarly, or equivalently withrespect to any one or more of the other foregoing terms withoutdeviating from the scope of the present disclosure.

Although various examples provided herein describe STA 120 as includingtwo radios (e.g., PR 222, SR 224), STA 120 may include any number ofradios (e.g., more than two radios) without necessarily deviating fromthe scope of the present disclosure. As illustrated in FIG. 1, STA 120may communicate wirelessly with AP 110, and AP 110 may communicatewirelessly with STA 120 and, possibly, other STA(s) 240, which may haveits/their own PR (e.g., PR 232, including or using antenna 236) and/orSR (SR 234, including or using antenna 238). Such communication(s) mayinclude concurrent and/or independent streams (e.g., ofdata/information) to and from one or more apparatuses. Additionaldescription related to various structures, modules, circuits,processors, algorithms, computer-readable medium, memory, interfaces,transceivers, antennas, and various other aspects of AP 110 and STA 120is provided throughout the present disclosure, including descriptionprovided herein with respect to FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, respectively.

FIG. 3 is a diagram 300 illustrating a non-limiting example of variouscommunications at various times according to some aspects of the presentdisclosure. FIG. 3 is a diagram 300 illustrating non-limiting examplesof various communications between AP 110 and STA 120 according tovarious aspects of the present disclosure. In some aspects, at one ormore times (e.g., including T₁ and/or T₂), AP 110 may communicate withSTA 120. In some aspects, such communications may pertain tocapabilities, parameters, settings, configurations, and other aspectsthat may affect one or more states, modes, configurations, parametersand/or future communications between AP 110 and STA 120.

In some aspects, AP 110 and STA 120 may negotiate various parameters,settings, and/or configurations, which may relate to operation(s) of AP110, STA 120, PR 222 and/or SR 224. In some aspects, at time T₁, STA 120may transmit and AP 110 may receive an UL communication 310. In someaspects, the UL communication 310 may be or include a request, a requestpacket, a timing management signal, a timing signal, and other suitableterms without deviating from the scope of the present disclosure.Various aspects related to such UL communication 310 are provided ingreater detail throughout the present disclosure. In some aspects, attime T₂, AP 110 may transmit and STA 120 may receive a DL communication312. In some aspects, the DL communication 312 may be or include aresponse, a response packet, a timing management signal, timing signal,and other suitable terms without deviating from the scope of the presentdisclosure. Various aspects related to such DL communication 312 areprovided in greater detail throughout the present disclosure.

Although UL communication 310 is illustrated as a single communication,and DL communication 312 is illustrated as a single communication,multiple UL communications and/or multiple DL communications can beimplemented without deviating from the scope of the present disclosure.Any or all aspects described herein with reference to an ‘ULcommunication 310’ and/or ‘DL communication 312’ can be respectivelyincluded in a singular DL communication 310 and/or singular ULcommunication 312 (as shown in FIG. 3) or alternatively included indiscrete/separate UL communications and/or discrete/separate DLcommunications taking place at varying times (even though not shown inFIG. 3) without deviating from the scope of the present disclosure. Inother words, any description provided herein with reference to an ‘ULcommunication 310’ may be included in a singular UL transmission orincluded in different UL communications occurring at different times,and/or any description provided herein with reference to ‘DLcommunication 312’ may be included in a singular DL transmission orincluded in different DL communications occurring at different times.

In some aspects, STA 120 may utilize PR 222 for UL communication 310and/or DL communication 312, but STA 120 may alternatively utilize itsSR 224 for UL communication 310 and/or DL communication 312 withoutdeviating from the scope of the present disclosure. Although theillustration provided in FIG. 3 depicts that, in some aspects, such ULcommunication 310 may occur prior to such DL communication 312, this maynot necessarily be a limitation of the present disclosure. For example,in some aspects, such DL communication 312 may occur prior to such ULcommunication 310 without deviating from the scope of the presentdisclosure. Although the illustration in FIG. 3 depicts that, in someaspects, both UL communication 310 and such DL communication 312 canoccur, this may not necessarily be a limitation of the presentdisclosure. For example, in some aspects, such UL communication 310 mayoccur without such DL communication 312 ever occurring, and, in someother aspects, such DL communication 312 may occur without such ULcommunication 310 ever occurring.

In some aspects, certain communications (e.g., DL communication 310and/or UL communication 312) may occur while PR 222 222 is in a highpower state/mode 314. In some aspects, certain communications (e.g., DLcommunication 310 and/or UL communication 312) may occur while the SR224 is in a low power state/mode 316. Generally, the term ‘high powerstate/mode’ may alternatively or interchangeably be referred to as anactive state/mode, awake state/mode, an on state/mode, a powered up/onstate/mode, a turned up/on state/mode, and/or various other suitableterms without deviating from the scope of the present disclosure. Insome aspects, the term ‘high power state/mode’ may refer to a state/modein which the power utilized (e.g., by PR 222 and/or SR 224) is above orgreater than a certain threshold value (e.g., threshold power value).Generally, the term low power state/mode' may alternatively orinterchangeably be referred to as a doze state/mode, a power-savestate/mode, an off state/mode, a powered down/off state/mode, a turneddown/off state/mode, and/or various other suitable terms withoutdeviating from the scope of the present disclosure. In some aspects, theterm low power state/mode' may be referred to as a state/mode in whichno/zero power is utilized (e.g., by PR 222 and/or SR 224). In someaspects, the term low power state/mode' may refer to a state/mode inwhich the power utilized (e.g., by PR 222 and/or SR 224) is below orless than a certain threshold value (e.g., threshold power value).

In some aspects, the PR 222 may sometimes alternate between a high powerstate/mode 314, 334 and a low power state/mode 322. Such alternating mayoccur when STA 120 or its PR 222 is in a power-save state/mode or a dutycycle state/mode. Although such alternating is illustrated in FIG. 3, insome aspects, the PR 222 may not perform such alternating and may be ina, e.g., continuous high power state/mode (e.g., without the low powerstate/mode 322). In some aspects, the SR 224 may sometimes alternatebetween a high power state/mode 324, 328 and a low power state/mode 316,326, 336. Such alternating may occur when STA 120 or its SR 224 is in apower-save state/mode or a duty cycle state/mode. Although suchalternating is illustrated in FIG. 3, in some aspects, the SR 224 maynot perform such alternating and may be in a, e.g., continuous highpower state/mode (e.g., without the low power state/mode 326). Variousaspects pertaining to certain states, modes, configurations, andparameters associated with operation(s) of STA 120, the PR 222, and/orthe SR 224 is provided throughout the present disclosure.

In some aspects, STA 120 may await receipt, e.g., at/including times T₃,T₄ and T₅, which may be while the PR 222 is in the low power state/mode322. In some aspects, at time T₆, AP 110 may transmit and STA 120 mayreceive a packet 320. In some aspects, the SR 224 receives the packet320 while the SR 224 is in a high power state/mode 328. In some aspects,the PR 222 may be in a while low power state/mode 322 when AP 110transmits and STA 120 (e.g., utilizing SR 224) may receive the packet320. In some aspects, the packet 320 may alternatively orinterchangeably be referred to as an awaken packet, an awake packet, anawaken request packet, and/or various other suitable terms withoutdeviating from the scope of the present disclosure. Various aspectsrelated to the packet 320 and operations by STA 120 in relation to thepacket 320 are provided throughout the present disclosure.

In some aspects, following communication of the packet 320, STA 120 mayinitiate, e.g., at time T₇, a transition of the PR 222 from a low powerstate/mode 322 to a high power state/mode 334. For example, after atransition period 338, the PR 222 may be in a high power state/mode 334by time T₈. In some aspects, the SR 224 may be in a low power state/mode336 after the PR 222 transitions to a high power state/mode 334.

In some aspects, at time T₉, STA 120 (e.g., utilizing PR 222) maytransmit and AP 110 may receive a message 330. In some aspects, at timeT₁₀, AP 110 may transmit and STA 120 (e.g., utilizing PR 222) mayreceive a response packet 332. Various aspects pertaining to suchpackets 330, 332 are provided throughout the present disclosure. In someaspects, at time T₁₁, AP 110 and STA 120 (e.g., utilizing PR 222) mayperform UL and/or DL communication of various information 340, possiblyincluding data packets with payloads. In some aspects, at time T₁₂, AP110 and STA 120 (e.g., utilizing PR 222) may communicate informationconfigured to suspend or disregard certain negotiated parameters,settings, and/or configurations, which may relate to operation(s) of AP110, STA 120, PR 222 and/or SR 224.

Although FIG. 3 depicts various aspects, including variouscommunications (e.g., 310, 312, 320, 330, 332, 340, 350) possiblyoccurring at various times (e.g., T₁, T₂, . . . T₁₂) while one or moreradios (e.g., 222, 224) of STA 120 may be in various states/modes,modes, or configurations (e.g., 314, 322, 334, 316, 324, 326, 328, 336),such various aspects are provided to facilitate description of just afew of the many combinations, mixtures, and permutations of such variousaspects that can exist without deviating from the scope of the presentdisclosure. In some aspects, fewer than all of such various aspects canexist without deviating from the scope of the present disclosure, andany combination, mixture, or permutation of any one or more of suchvarious aspects is within the scope of the present disclosure. Forexample, although FIG. 3 depicts that various communications (e.g., 310,312, 320, 330, 332, 340, 350) may occur, it is possible for one or moreof such communications to not occur without deviating from the scope ofthe present disclosure, and it is alternatively or additionally possiblefor one or more additional communication (not described herein) to occurwithout deviation from the scope of the present disclosure. Anyindications of time are merely provided for illustrative purposes, andsuch indications are not necessarily to scale, not necessarily intendedto limit the sequence or order of such communications, nor necessarilyprovided to suggest that certain communications have to occur at certainspecific times.

FIG. 4 is a diagram 400 illustrating a non-limiting example of variousoperations according to some aspects of the present disclosure. In someaspects, at block 402, an apparatus (e.g., AP 110 and/or STA 120) maynegotiate various parameters, settings, and/or configurations, which mayrelate to operation(s) of AP 110, STA 120, PR 222, and/or SR 224.

In some aspects, the UL communication 310 may be or include a requestpacket. In some aspects, the DL communication 312 may be or include aresponse packet. In some aspects, STA 120 may use PR 222 to transmit,and AP 110 may receive, a request packet. After or in response totransmitting the request packet, AP 110 may transmit and STA 120 may usePR 222 to receive a response packet. In some aspects, the request packetand/or the response packet include information corresponding to orconfigured for negotiating one or more parameters associated with one ormore power modes, states, or configurations of SR 224. In some aspects,the request packet and/or the response packet include informationcorresponding to a duty cycle of SR 224. In some aspects, the duty cycleof SR 224 includes turning/powering on/off the SR 224 or SR 224 enteringinto a low/lower state mode and/or a high/higher power state/mode. Insome aspects, the request packet and/or the response packet includesinformation corresponding to timing for turning on SR 224 or SR 224entering/being in a high power state/mode.

In some aspects, the apparatus may transmit a packet, such as a requestpacket (e.g., an awaken request packet). After, in response to, and/orin association with transmitting such a packet, the apparatus mayreceive a response packet (e.g., an awaken response packet). In someaspects, the communication (e.g., reception and/or transmission) of sucha request packet and/or such a response packet may be performed usingthe main/primary receiver(s)/radio(s) (described above). In someaspects, the communication (e.g., reception and/or transmission) of sucha request packet and/or such a response packet may be performed usingthe secondary radio(s)/receiver(s) (described above).

In some aspects, such a request packet and/or response packet mayinclude information (e.g., one or more fields) corresponding toawakening one or more primary/main receivers of the apparatus undercertain circumstances, such as after/upon receiving a certain type ofpacket (e.g., an awaken packet).

In some aspects, such a packet (e.g., awaken packet) may be (1)configured to trigger, awaken, turn on, and/or cause a high(er) powermode to occur for one or more of the receivers/radios (e.g., one or moreprimary/main radios/receivers) of the apparatus, and/or (2) configuredto trigger a response packet. As described above, after, in response to,and/or in association with receiving such a packet, the apparatus may(1) awaken the one or more primary/main radios/receivers, and/or (2)cause a response packet to be communicated.

In some aspects, the request packet (e.g., awaken request packet) and/orresponse packet (e.g., awaken response packet) may include informationcorresponding to, be communicated for, and/or configured fornegotiating/determining one or more parameters (e.g., duration (e.g., ofone or more communications described herein), timing (e.g., of one ormore communications described herein), acknowledgementpolicy/protocol/procedure (e.g., of one or more communications describedherein), an (awaken) beacon interval (described herein) (e.g., when, howoften, and/or for how long an awaken beacon is communicated, e.g., bythe secondary receiver(s)/radio(s), even though the awaken requestpacket and/or awaken response packet may be communicated using/utilizingthe primary receiver(s)/radio(s)), duty cycle, timeout interval (e.g.,between two awaken packets, etc.) associated with communication of anawaken packet, one or more power states/modes (e.g., turned on/off,etc.) of the primary receiver(s)/radio(s) and/or secondaryreceiver(s)/radio(s), and/or various other suitable aspects ofcommunication be the primary and/or secondary receiver(s)/radio(s) ofthe apparatus.

In some aspects, such a request packet and/or such a response packet mayinclude one or more fields. In some aspects, such field(s) may includeinformation corresponding to one or more awaken actions, one or moreawaken modes, one or more awaken responses, an identifier (e.g., token,key, ID, etc.) corresponding to and/or identifying a communicationand/or a transaction associated with the aforementioned request packetand/or response packet, information corresponding to timing for turningon a primary and/or secondary radio(s)/receiver(s) of the apparatuswhen/if/following/upon/after receiving an awaken packet by theapparatus, information corresponding to a duty cycle of (e.g.,turning/power on or off, entering into a low(er)/high(er) power mode,etc.) the primary and/or secondary receiver(s)/radio(s) of theapparatus.

In some aspects, an apparatus may receive and/or transmit a frameconfigured to communicate mode signaling or a request by the apparatusto enter/exit/switch-to (or to be signaled to enter) a particular mode(e.g., an awaken mode, as described herein). In some aspects, theapparatus may enter/exit/switch-to a particular mode (e.g., an awakenmode, as described herein) without explicit signaling (e.g., withoutreceiving and/or transmitting a particular frame configured tocommunicate mode signaling or a request by the apparatus toenter/exit/switch-to (or to be signaled to enter) a particular mode. Insome aspects, an apparatus (e.g., STA) may receive a packet (e.g., anawaken request packet, as described herein) (e.g., using itssecondary/awaken radio/receiver), while in an awaken mode (as describedherein). After, in response to, and/or in association with receiving theawaken request packet, the apparatus (e.g., STA) may enter into anactive/normal mode (or power up/on or put in a non-low (e.g.,normal/high) power state its main/primary radio/receiver) and initiatecommunication (e.g., DL or UL) with another apparatus (e.g., AP). Insome aspects, the apparatus (e.g., STA) may receive data (e.g., a datapacket/frame, perhaps with a data subfield in the data packet/frameset/equal to zero), e.g., using it primary/main radio/receiver. After,or in response to, and/or in association with receiving thatdata/data-packet/data-frame, without explicit signaling to/from theother apparatus (e.g., AP) (e.g., without receiving asignal/frame/packet indicating or requesting a transition/switch/changeof a mode of operation (e.g., a transition/switch to or from an awakenmode) of the apparatus (e.g., STA)), the apparatus (e.g., STA) mayswitch-to/transition (back)/(re)enter an awaken mode (as describedherein), e.g., if/only-if/provided-that an operating parameter of thesecondary/awaken radio/receiver has not been changed/altered to requireotherwise.

In some aspects, an apparatus (e.g., STA) may be ready (e.g., have inits queue) for UL transmission/communication of a packet/frame while inan awaken mode (as described in herein). In such aspects, withoutexplicit signaling to/from the other apparatus (e.g., AP) (e.g., withoutreceiving a signal/frame/packet indicating or requesting atransition/switch/change of a mode (of operation) (e.g., atransition/switch to or from an awaken mode) of the apparatus (e.g.,STA)), the apparatus (e.g., STA) may transmit the data (e.g., datapacket/frame) buffered/ready for UL transmission/communication (e.g., tothe other apparatus (e.g., AP)) (e.g., following a contention period).After communicating/transmitting the buffered/ready data, the apparatusmay receive an acknowledgement (ACK) message from the other apparatus(e.g., AP). After, in response to, and/or in association with receivingthe (e.g., DL) acknowledgement (ACK) message from the other apparatus(e.g., AP), e.g., using it primary/main radio/receiver, without explicitsignaling to/from the other apparatus (e.g., AP) (e.g., withoutreceiving a signal/frame/packet indicating or requesting atransition/switch/change of a mode (of operation) (e.g., atransition/switch to or from an awaken mode) of the apparatus (e.g.,STA)), the apparatus (e.g., STA) may switch-to/transition(back)/(re)enter an awaken mode (as described herein), e.g.,if/only-if/provided-that an operating parameter of the secondary/awakenradio/receiver has not been changed/altered to require otherwise.

In some aspects, one or more identifiers (e.g., the first identifierand/or the second identifier) that identify/identifies the receiver(e.g., an intended/destined receiver) of that packet (e.g., awakenpacket, awaken request packet, etc.) may include an identifier (e.g.,awaken(ed) receiver identifier) that is unique/specific to a particularreceiver within a particular basic service set. In some aspects, one ormore identifiers (e.g., the first identifier and/or the secondidentifier) that identify/identifies the transmitter (e.g., thattransmitted the packet, awaken packet, awaken request packet, etc.) mayinclude, correspond to, be associated with, or bear a relationship to abasic service set identifier and/or basic service setcolor/category/grouping with which the transmitter and/or receiver isassociated.

In some aspects, the UL communication 310 may be or include a timingmanagement signal. In some aspects, STA 120 may transmit and AP 110 mayreceive a timing management signal configured to set or affect timinginformation, including a duration of time to operate SR 224 in a highpower state/mode or to maintain or power on/up SR 224 (e.g., in a highpower state/mode), corresponding to communication of the packet 320(e.g., awaken packet) and/or its response 330 (e.g., response to awakenpacket). In some aspects, STA 120 may transmit and AP 110 may receive atiming management signal configured to set or affect a timing aspect,including a duration of time to operate SR 224 in a high powerstate/mode or to maintain or power on/up SR 224 (e.g., in a high powerstate/mode). In some aspects, STA 120 may transmit and AP 110 mayreceive a timing management signal configured to set or affect timingaspects, including a start time, a duration, and/or an end time, ofoperating SR 224 in a high power state/mode or powering/turning on/up SR224 (e.g., in a high power state/mode).

In some aspects, the DL communication 312 may be or include a timingmanagement signal. In some aspects, AP 110 may transmit and STA 120 may(e.g., using PR 222) receive a timing management signal configured toset or affect a beginning time corresponding to receiving of the packet320 (e.g., awaken request packet). In some aspects, AP 110 may transmitand STA 120 may (e.g., using PR 222) receive a timing management signaland, based on the received timing management signal, set or affecttiming aspects, including a beginning time, a duration, and/or an endtime, of operating SR 224 in a high power state/mode or ofpowering/turning up/on SR 224 (e.g., in a high power state/mode). Insome aspects, AP 110 may transmit and STA 120 may (e.g., using PR 222)receive a timing management signal configured to set or affect timinginformation, including a duration of time to operate SR 224 in a highpower state/mode or to maintain or power on/up SR 224 (e.g., in a highpower state/mode), corresponding to communication of the packet 320(e.g., awaken packet) and/or its response 330 (e.g., response to awakenpacket). In some aspects, the timing management signal (e.g., of the ULcommunication 310 and/or DL communication 312) includes a sequencemodulated by on off keying.

In some aspects, the apparatus may receive a timing management signal.The timing management signal may include, be utilized for, and/or beconfigured to set, modify, adjust, confirm, and/or otherwise affecttiming information (e.g., a start/starting time, a beginning time, anend/ending time, a duration, a time period, a timing offset, timinginformation or a start time of a subsequent timing management signal, aduration of time to maintain or power/turn on/up a primary/main and/orsecondary radio(s)/receiver(s), etc.) corresponding to communication(e.g., reception/transmission) of the (e.g., current or one or moresubsequent) awaken packet(s) and/or response packet(s) by the apparatus.In some aspects, the apparatus may set, modify, adjust, confirm, and/orotherwise affect a timing aspect e.g., a start/starting time, abeginning time, an end/ending time, a duration, a time period, a timingoffset, timing information or a start time of a subsequent timingmanagement signal, a duration of time to maintain or power/turn on/up aprimary/main and/or secondary radio(s)/receiver(s), etc.) ofpowering/turning/keeping-powered on/up of the primary/mainradio(s)/receiver(s) and/or secondary radio(s)/receiver(s) based on thetiming management signal.

In some aspects, the timing management signal may comprise a sequencemodulated by any of the keying/modulation techniques, such as frequencyshift keying, amplitude shift keying, phase shift keying, on off keying,quadrature amplitude modulation, and/or various other types ofmodulation or keying/modulation techniques. In some aspects, the timingmanagement signal may be detected by the secondary radio(s)/receiver(s)without utilizing the primary/main radio(s)/receiver(s) (e.g., while theprimary/main radio(s)/receiver(s) is powered/turned off/down). In someaspects, the timing management signal may be communicated (e.g.,received) periodically.

In some aspects, the apparatus may detect/determine that the timingmanagement signal was not received (e.g., during an expectedtime/time-period, based on its periodicity). In response, the apparatusmay modify, update, revise, and/or alter a timing aspect (e.g., astart/starting time, a beginning time, an end/ending time, a duration, atime period, a timing offset, etc.) of its primary/mainreceiver(s)/radio(s) and/or secondary receiver(s)/radio(s). In someaspects, this may be performed in a manner that increases a likelihoodthat a subsequent timing management signal will be received/detected bythe apparatus and/or its primary/secondary radio(s)/receiver(s). In someaspect, the likelihood may be increased by increasing the power on/upduration/period of the primary/main radio(s)/receiver(s) and/orsecondary radio(s)/receiver(s) (relative to a preceding power on/upduration/period of the primary/main radio(s)/receiver(s) and/orsecondary radio(s)/receiver(s)).

In some aspects, the DL communication 312 includes a packet (e.g.,request packet) that includes a parameter corresponding to a mode/stateassociated with STA 120. In some aspects, AP 120 transmits and STA 120receives (e.g., using PR 222) the packet (e.g., request packet) thatincludes the parameter corresponding to a mode associated with STA 120,and STA 120 waits, based on the received parameter, to operate PR 222 ina high power state/mode or to turn on/up PR 222 until a time thatcorresponds to that mode/state.

As described herein, a packet (e.g., awaken request packet) maysometimes be referred to as a frame (e.g., awaken frame), beacon (e.g.,awaken beacon), signal (e.g., awaken signal), transmission (e.g., awakentransmission), communication (e.g., awaken communication), and/orvarious other suitable terms without necessarily deviating from thescope of the present disclosure. In some aspects, a packet (e.g., awakenrequest packet) and/or a beacon (e.g., awaken beacon) may include afield/parameter/indication/data/information indicating/correspondingto/associated with an indication, purpose, intention, objective, and/orother state/mode/configuration associated with the STA(s) that receivesthat packet and/or beacon. After, in response to, and/or in associationwith receiving such and/or based on suchfield/parameter/indication/data/information, an apparatus (e.g., STA(s)may wait to turn-on/activate/enable/duty-cycle-on/power-up/power-on itsprimary/main radio/receiver and/or secondary radio/receiver until atime/duration/period that corresponds to the indication, purpose,intention, objective, or other state/mode/configuration. For example, ifsuch indication, purpose, intention, objective, and/or otherstate/mode/configuration indicates a time/duration/period that asubsequent/next/later DL communication of interest will be transmittedfrom one apparatus (e.g., AP) to another apparatus (e.g., that/thoseSTA(s)), then the apparatus (e.g., STA(s)) may determine to notturn-on/activate/enable/duty-cycle-on/power-up/power-on its primary/mainand/or its secondary radio/receiver until a time/period/duration thatcorresponds to that DL communication of interest, which can conservepower that might otherwise be expended during a correspondingduration/period of time.

Such subsequent/next/later DL communication may or may not be the DLcommunication that immediately follows DL communication of theaforementioned packet (e.g., awaken request packet) and/or beacon (e.g.,awaken beacon). For instance, one or more DL communications (e.g., notof interest to that/those STA(s)) may occur in between thatpacket/beacon and the DL communication of interest. Non-limitingexamples of such DL communication(s) of interest may include but may notbe limited to another packet, another beacon, another signal, anothertransmission, which may or may not includeinformation/parameter/field/indication corresponding to trafficinformation (e.g., traffic information message), delivery information(e.g., delivery traffic information message), a group identifier/addressinformation (e.g., associated identifier message), receiver/receptioninformation (e.g., receiver/reception indication), on-durationinformation (e.g., a duration/period of time to maintain one or more ofits radio(s)/receiver(s) in an on/powered-on/powered-up), and/or variousother suitable types of information.

In some aspects, the DL communication 312 may be or include a packet(e.g., request packet) that includes an indication that indicates aprocess to perform in relation to awakening PR 222. In some aspects,awakening PR 222 may refer to transitioning PR 222 from being in alow/lower power state/mode to a high/higher power state/mode. In someaspects, awakening PR 222 may refer to switching from operating PR 222in a low/lower power state/mode to operating PR 222 in a high/higherpower state/mode. As described in greater detail herein, in someaspects, a low/lower power state/mode may refer to operating a radio(e.g., PR 222 and/or SR 224) according to a power state/mode that isless than a threshold power value, and/or a high/higher power state/modemay refer to operating a radio (e.g., PR 222 and/or SR 224) according toa power state/mode that is greater than a threshold power value.

In some aspects, AP 110 may transmit and STA 120 may use SR 224 toreceive a packet (e.g., request packet) that includes an indication thatindicates a process to perform in relation to awakening PR 222. In someaspects, the process incudes PR 222 and/or SR 224 entering into anawaken mode, in which at least PR 222 is in a high power state/mode oris powered up/on or SR 224 is in a low power state/mode or is powereddown/off. In some aspects, the process includes using PR 222 tonegotiate parameters with AP 110 for entering into an awaken mode, inwhich at least PR 222 is in a low power state/mode or is powereddown/off or SR is in a high power state/mode or is powered up/on. Insome aspects, after performing such process, STA 120 may enter into theawaken mode.

In some aspects, the primary/main and/or secondary/awaken receiver/radioof an apparatus may receive an awaken request packet that includes anindication/indicia/field/frame/portion that indicates anaction/process/operation to perform in relation to awakening theprimary/main and/or secondary/awaken radio. For example, such anaction/process/operation may include that the apparatus or itsprimary/main and/or secondary/awaken radio will (1) enter into an awakenmode (e.g., a mode in which the primary/main radio/receiver and/orsecondary/awaken radio/receiver is powered down/off (e.g., relativelylow power state) or powered up/on (e.g., in a relatively high/normalpower state)), (2) receive/transmit or negotiate (e.g., parameters)from/with another apparatus (e.g., AP) for entering into an awaken mode(as described herein), (3) (i) receive/transmit or negotiate (e.g.,parameters) from/with another apparatus (e.g., AP) for entering into anawaken mode (as described herein)) and subsequently (ii) enter into anawaken mode (as described herein), or (4) terminate, end, or exit anawaken mode (as described herein).

In some aspects, AP 110 and STA 120 may utilize the UL communication 310and/or DL communication 312 to communication information that is any oneor more of the following: indicating a period of time (e.g., transitionperiod 338) corresponding to transitioning from a first state comprisinga doze state or low power state/mode to a second state comprising anawake state or a high power state/mode; channel information associatedwith SR 224; duty cycle information, which may include a duty cyclepreferred by STA 120; beacon information; one or more class ofoperation; and/or one or more supported operations. In some aspects, inaccordance with any one or more of such communicated information, STA120 may transition from the first state to the second state.

In some aspects, an apparatus (e.g., AP and/or STA) may transmit,receive, and/or negotiate a field, parameter, data, information,information element, or indication indicating a period of timecorresponding to/associated with transitioning from a/one state (e.g.,awake, doze, power save, or active state) to another state (e.g., awake,doze, power save, or active state) after, in response to, and/or inassociation with transmitting, receiving, and/or negotiating aparticular packet, data packet, transmission, or other information, suchas an awaken packet, request packet, or awaken request packet. In someaspects, an apparatus (e.g., AP and/or STA) may perform an operation(e.g., transition from one state/mode to another state/mode) inaccordance with such field, parameter, data, information, informationelement, or indication.

In some aspects, an apparatus (e.g., AP and/or STA) may transmit,receive, and/or negotiate a field, parameter, data, information,information element, or indication indicating one or moresettings/parameters/capabilities of that apparatus (e.g., AP and/or STA)in relation to a power mode, mode of operation, an operation, and/orcommunication parameters/settings while operating in or transitionfrom/to a particular mode (e.g., power save mode, awake mode, doze mode,or active mode). Such settings/parameters/capabilities may includechannel state information (e.g., associated with the main/primary and/orsecondary radio/receiver), channel information (e.g., associated withthe main/primary and/or secondary radio/receiver), a group identifier(e.g., a group of APs and/or STAs), an individual identifier (e.g., ofthe apparatus (e.g., a transmitting/receiving/destined/intended AP/STA),its primary/main radio/receiver, or it secondary radio/receiver), dutycycle information (e.g., a preferred/requested duty cycle by theapparatus, a mandatory/assigned duty cycle to the apparatus, etc.)(wherein duty cycle information may include an absolute or relativeperiod of time that the main/primary and/or secondary receiver/radio isON in relation to or as compared to an absolute or relative period oftime that the main/primary and/or secondary receiver/radio is OFF),symbol information, beacon information, a class of operations, supportedoperations, or other suitable aspects. In some aspects, an apparatus(e.g., AP and/or STA) may perform an operation (e.g., transition fromone state/mode to another state/mode, operate in a particularstate/mode, etc.) in accordance with such field, parameter, data,information, information element, or indication.

In some aspects, an apparatus (e.g., AP/STA) may receive/transmitinformation that incorporate, integrate, encode, combine, merge, embed,or otherwise include information associated with a basic service set(e.g., to which that apparatus (e.g., AP) or another apparatus (e.g.,that receiving STA, another STA, etc.) is associated) in/within/into anumber, value, field, parameter, or other data portion (e.g., a dataportion that is included in an end portion of acommunication/transmission (e.g., instead of having an explicit dataportion that includes only such information associated with the basicservice set)). In some aspects, such number, value, field, parameter, orother data portion includes information that serves more than onefunction, wherein one of the more than one function is to provideinformation associated with the basic service set. Such number, value,field, parameter, or other data portion may be, for example, anerror-detecting code/value/number, a cyclic redundancy checkvalue/number/sequence/code, a frame check sequence/value/number/code. Insome aspects, an apparatus may, based on such number, value, field,parameter, or other data portion, determine two or more information,wherein at least one of such information includes information associatedwith the basic service set (e.g., the apparatus may determine whetherthe data packet, field, information, etc. that included such number,value, field, parameter, or other data portion was destined to thatapparatus (e.g., the apparatus that received it) based on suchinformation associated with the basic service set) (e.g., the apparatusmay determine whether the data packet, field, information, etc. thatincluded such number, value, field, parameter, or other data portion isassociated with the basic service set to which the that apparatus (e.g.,the apparatus that received it) is associated) (e.g., the apparatus mayobtain or associate its basic service set information from the basicservice set information included in the data packet, field, information,etc. that included such number, value, field, parameter, or other dataportion was destined to that apparatus (e.g., the apparatus thatreceived it)).

In some aspects, the UL communication 310 may be or include a fieldindicating a duration of time during which SR 224 will operate accordingto a high/higher power state/mode or on-mode during/for the one or moresubsequent/future communications. Accordingly, in some aspects, STA 120may transmit (e.g., using PR 222) and AP 110 may receive the fieldindicating a duration of time during which SR 224 will operate accordingto a high/higher power state/mode or on-mode during the one or moresubsequent/future communications. In some aspects, suchsubsequent/future communications may include communication of the packet320, and such high/higher power state/mode or on-mode may occur when SR224 is in the high power states/modes 324, 328.

In some aspects, e.g., utilizing UL communication 310 and/or DLcommunication 312, AP 110 and/or STA 120 may communicate a frame thatincludes a field indicating whether STA 120 is capable of receiving afirst subsequent/future communication using a first attribute, includingat least one of a communication channel, frequency range, centerfrequency, or bandwidth. In some aspects, the first subsequent/futurecommunication comprises a beacon. In some aspects, AP 110 may transmitand STA 120 may receive a second subsequent/future communication using asecond attribute that is different from the first attribute. Forexample, a value of at least one of a communication channel, a frequencyrange, a center frequency, and/or a bandwidth of the firstsubsequent/future communication may be different from a value of atleast one of a communication channel, a frequency range, a centerfrequency, and/or a bandwidth of the second subsequent/futurecommunication. In some aspects, the second subsequent/futurecommunication may be different from the first subsequent/futurecommunication. In some aspects, the second subsequent/futurecommunication may include or may be the packet 320.

As described in greater detail herein, in some aspects, an apparatus(e.g., AP and/or STA) may receive/transmit a communication/transmission(e.g., a packet, data packet, a frame, a data frame, an awaken packet,an awaken request packet, a request packet, a response packet, an awakenresponse packet, a beacon, and/or any various other suitableencapsulation of information), and such communication/transmission mayinclude field(s), signal(s), bit(s), or portion(s) that includes any oneor more of the various signals, parameters, values, or other indiciadescribed in greater detail herein. In some aspects, a firstcommunication/transmission may include one or more field(s), signal(s),bit(s), or portion(s) and/or signals, parameters, values, or otherindicia that indicates a first/beginning/start time of one or moresecond/subsequent communications/transmissions (e.g., a packet, datapacket, a frame, a data frame, an awaken packet, an awaken requestpacket, a request packet, a response packet, an awaken response packet,a beacon, and/or any various other suitable encapsulation ofinformation) that are communicated according to a duty cycle. In someaspects, a first communication/transmission may include one or morefield(s), signal(s), bit(s), or portion(s) and/or signals, parameters,values, or other indicia that indicates a duration of time between twosequential/consecutive second/sub sequent communications/transmissions(e.g., a packet, data packet, a frame, a data frame, an awaken packet,an awaken request packet, a request packet, a response packet, an awakenresponse packet, a beacon, and/or any various other suitableencapsulation of information) that are communicated according to a dutycycle. In some aspects, a first communication/transmission may includeone or more field(s), signal(s), bit(s), or portion(s) and/or signals,parameters, values, or other indicia that indicates a duration of timeduring which the primary receiver/transceiver/radio and/or the secondaryreceiver/transceiver/radio is/will/scheduled to operate according to anon-mode/state and/or a high/higher power state/mode during one or moresecond/subsequent communications/transmissions (e.g., a packet, datapacket, a frame, a data frame, an awaken packet, an awaken requestpacket, a request packet, a response packet, an awaken response packet,a beacon, and/or any various other suitable encapsulation ofinformation) that are communicated according to a duty cycle.

In some aspects, a first communication/transmission (e.g., a packet,data packet, a frame, a data frame, an awaken packet, an awaken requestpacket, a request packet, a response packet, an awaken response packet,a beacon, and/or any various other suitable encapsulation ofinformation) may include one or more field(s), signal(s), bit(s), orportion(s) and/or signals, parameters, values, or other indicia thatindicates a variation of an attribute (e.g., a bandwidth, a centerfrequency, or a frequency range) of a second/futurecommunication/transmission (e.g., a packet, data packet, frame, dataframe, awaken packet, awaken request packet, request packet, responsepacket, awaken response packet, a beacon, and/or any various othersuitable encapsulation of information) relative to the firstcommunication/transmission (e.g., a packet, data packet, a frame, a dataframe, an awaken packet, an awaken request packet, a request packet, aresponse packet, an awaken response packet, a beacon, and/or any variousother suitable encapsulation of information). In some aspects, such anindication of such a variation may be in the form of a bit, value,signal, or other indicia that is used to determine a shift, scaling,factor, offset, deviation, determination, calculation, look-up, and/orother suitable variation of such an attribute (e.g., a bandwidth, acenter frequency, or a frequency range). For example, an apparatus(e.g., STA or AP) may utilize such an indication to determine anextent/amount of variation, shift, scaling, factor, offset, deviation ofsuch attribute for a second/future communication/transmission (e.g., apacket, data packet, a frame, a data frame, an awaken packet, an awakenrequest packet, a request packet, a response packet, an awaken responsepacket, a beacon, and/or any various other suitable encapsulation ofinformation) (e.g., in relation to the same/similar attribute (e.g., abandwidth, a center frequency, or a frequency range) of the firstcommunication/transmission (e.g., a packet, data packet, a frame, a dataframe, an awaken packet, an awaken request packet, a request packet, aresponse packet, an awaken response packet, a beacon, and/or any variousother suitable encapsulation of information)). In some aspects, thedetermined extent/amount of variation, shift, scaling, factor, offset,deviation of such attribute (e.g., a bandwidth, a center frequency, or afrequency range) for the first communication/transmission (e.g., apacket, data packet, a frame, a data frame, an awaken packet, an awakenrequest packet, a request packet, a response packet, an awaken responsepacket, a beacon, and/or any various other suitable encapsulation ofinformation) is relative to, based on, and/or not independent of/fromsuch attribute (e.g., a bandwidth, a center frequency, or a frequencyrange) of the first communication/transmission (e.g., a packet, datapacket, a frame, a data frame, an awaken packet, an awaken requestpacket, a request packet, a response packet, an awaken response packet,a beacon, and/or any various other suitable encapsulation ofinformation).

In some aspects, a communication/transmission (e.g., a packet, datapacket, a frame, a data frame, an awaken packet, an awaken requestpacket, a request packet, a response packet, an awaken response packet,a beacon, and/or any various other suitable encapsulation ofinformation) may include one or more field(s), signal(s), bit(s), orportion(s) and/or signals, parameters, values, or other indicia thatindicates whether an apparatus (e.g., STA or AP) is capable of, isenabled to, is configured to, is willing to, or can/will communicate(e.g., transmit/receive) a first subsequent/futurecommunication/transmission (e.g., a packet, data packet, a frame, a dataframe, an awaken packet, an awaken request packet, a request packet, aresponse packet, an awaken response packet, a beacon, and/or any variousother suitable encapsulation of information) using a first attribute(e.g., communication channel, frequency range, center frequency,bandwidth, etc.) and communicate (e.g., transmit/receive) a secondsubsequent/future communication/transmission (e.g., a packet, datapacket, a frame, a data frame, an awaken packet, an awaken requestpacket, a request packet, a response packet, an awaken response packet,a beacon, and/or any various other suitable encapsulation ofinformation) using a second attribute (e.g., communication channel,frequency range, center frequency, bandwidth, etc.) that is differentfrom the first attribute. In some aspects, the first subsequent/futurecommunication/transmission (e.g., a packet, data packet, a frame, a dataframe, an awaken packet, an awaken request packet, a request packet, aresponse packet, an awaken response packet, a beacon, and/or any variousother suitable encapsulation of information) is different from (e.g.,not the same as, comprises different fields, portions, frames, etc.) thesecond subsequent/future communication/transmission (e.g., a packet,data packet, a frame, a data frame, an awaken packet, an awaken requestpacket, a request packet, a response packet, an awaken response packet,a beacon, and/or any various other suitable encapsulation ofinformation).

In some aspects, at block 404, AP 110 may await receipt of the packet320. For example, STA 120 may await receipt from time T₃ to time T₆. Insome aspects, though not illustrated in FIG. 3, AP 110 may transmit andSTA 120 may receive (e.g., using SR 224) a beacon that includesinformation corresponding to timing information for synchronizingcommunications with AP 110. In some aspects, the beacon may be receivedusing SR 224 when SR 224 is turned/powered on or in a high/higher powerstate/mode and/or while PR 222 is turned/powered off or in a low/lowerpower state/mode.

In some aspects, the apparatus may utilize its secondaryradio(s)/receiver(s) and/or its primary radio(s)/receiver(s) to receivea beacon (e.g., an awaken beacon), which may include informationcorresponding to, be communicated for, and/or configured for maintainingconnectivity with another apparatus (e.g., an access point), timinginformation for synchronizing communications with another apparatus(e.g., an access point), timing information for turning/powering on/off(e.g., entering into a low(er)/high(er) power mode/state) the primaryradio(s)/receiver(s) and/or the secondary receiver(s)/radio(s), and/orvarious other suitable aspects of communication be the primary and/orsecondary receiver(s)/radio(s) of the apparatus.

In some aspects, such a beacon (e.g., awaken beacon) may becommunicated/received using the secondary receiver(s)/radio(s) and/orwhen the secondary receiver(s)/radio(s) is turned/powered on (e.g., in ahigh(er) power mode/state), and while the primary/mainreceiver(s)/radio(s) is turned/powered off or in a low(er) powerstate/mode. In some aspects, such a beacon (e.g., awaken beacon) may becommunicated/received using the primary/main receiver(s)/radio(s) and/orwhile/when the primary/main receiver(s)/radio(s) is turned/powered on(e.g., in a high(er) power mode/state), and while the secondaryreceiver(s)/radio(s) is turned/powered off or in a low(er) powerstate/mode.

As described herein, an apparatus (e.g., STA(s)) may transmit a responsepacket (e.g., an awaken response packet) at a time/period/duration thatfollows reception of an awaken packet (e.g., awaken request packet) orbeacon (e.g., awaken beacon). In some aspects, that response packet maybe communicated/transmitted by that apparatus after, in response to,and/or in association with such an awaken packet (e.g., awaken requestpacket) or beacon (e.g., awaken beacon). In some aspects, that responsepacket may be communicated/transmitted by that apparatus (e.g., STA(s))after, in response to, and/or in association with receiving anotherpacket (e.g., a subsequent packet received by that apparatus (e.g.,STA(s)) after that apparatus (e.g., STA(s)) receives the awaken packet,such as the awaken request packet). In some aspects, that other packet(e.g., a subsequent packet received by that apparatus (e.g., STA(s))after that apparatus (e.g., STA(s)) receives the awaken packet, such asthe awaken request packet) may include information configured tocause/induce/trigger communication of that response packet (e.g., awakenrequest packet). In some aspects, that other packet (e.g., a subsequentpacket received by that apparatus (e.g., STA(s)) after that apparatus(e.g., STA(s)) receives the awaken packet, such as the awaken requestpacket) may include information configured to solicit/inquire/determinecertain information from that apparatus (e.g., STA(s)), wherein suchinformation pertains/relates/corresponds to apurpose/intention/objective/reason that that awaken packet (e.g., theawaken request packet) was initially/originally communicated/transmittedto that apparatus (e.g., STA(s)).

In some aspects, the other packet (e.g., a subsequent packet received bythat apparatus (e.g., STA(s)) after that apparatus (e.g., STA(s))receives the awaken packet, such as the awaken request packet) mayinclude information configured to solicit/inquire/determine certaininformation from that apparatus (e.g., STA(s)), wherein such informationpertains/relates/corresponds to a purpose/intention/objective/reasonof/for that apparatus undergoing an awaken procedure (e.g., after, inresponse to, and/or in association with receiving the awaken packet,such as the awaken request packet). In some aspects, the response packet(e.g., awaken response packet) includes certain information thatpertains/relates/corresponds to a purpose/intention/objective/reasonthat that awaken packet (e.g., the awaken request packet) wasinitially/originally communicated/transmitted to that apparatus (e.g.,STA(s)) and/or pertains/relates/corresponds to apurpose/intention/objective/reason of/for that apparatus undergoing anawaken procedure (e.g., after, in response to, and/or in associationwith receiving the awaken packet, such as the awaken request packet).

In some aspects, the awaken packet (e.g., awaken request packet) and/orbeacon (e.g., awaken beacon) may be communicated/received by theapparatus (e.g., STA(s)) using its secondary radio/receiver. In someaspects, the response packet (e.g., awaken response packet) may becommunicated/transmitted by that apparatus (e.g., STA(s)) using itsmain/primary radio/receiver. In some aspects, the other packet (e.g., asubsequent packet received by that apparatus (e.g., STA(s)) after thatapparatus (e.g., STA(s)) receives the awaken packet, such as the awakenrequest packet) may be communicated/transmitted/received by theapparatus using its primary/main radio/receiver. In some aspects, theother packet (e.g., a subsequent packet received by that apparatus(e.g., STA(s)) after that apparatus (e.g., STA(s)) receives the awakenpacket, such as the awaken request packet) may becommunicated/transmitted/received by the apparatus using its secondaryradio/receiver.

In some aspects, at block 406, AP 110 may transmit and STA 120 mayreceive the packet 320. For example, at time T₆, SR 224 may receive thepacket 320 communicated by AP 110. As described herein, the packet 320may alternatively or interchangeably be referred to as an awaken packet,an awake packet, an awaken request packet, and/or various other suitableterms without deviating from the scope of the present disclosure. Asillustrated in FIG. 3, in some aspects, the packet 320 may be receivedwhile SR 224 is in a high power state/mode and/or while PR 222 is in alow power state/mode. In some aspects, while PR 222 is in the low powerstate/mode, STA 120 is unable to transmit a response to the packet 320using PR 112.

In some aspects, the packet 320 may be configured to or includeinformation that informs a receiving apparatus (e.g., STA 120) that atransmitting apparatus (e.g., AP 110) is interested in communicationwith one or more STAs, e.g., using the respective PR of such one or moreSTAs. In some aspects, the packet 320 may be configured to or includeinformation that informs a receiving apparatus (e.g., STA 120) that atransmitting apparatus (e.g., AP 110) has prepared for transmission atleast one packet that the transmitting apparatus (e.g., AP 110) isinterested in communicating to one or more STAs, e.g., using therespective PR of the one or more STAs. In some configurations, thepacket 320 may be configured to awaken, turn on, or cause a high/higherpower mode/state to occur for PR 112. In some aspects, the packet 320may be configured to trigger a response to be communicated by STA 120.

As described in greater detail herein, in some aspects, an apparatus(e.g., AP and/or STA) may receive/transmit a communication/transmissione.g., a packet, data packet, a frame, a data frame, an awaken packet, anawaken request packet, a request packet, a response packet, an awakenresponse packet, a beacon, and/or any various other suitableencapsulation of information), and such communication/transmission mayinclude field(s), signal(s), bit(s), or portion(s) that includes any oneor more of the various signals, parameters, values, or other indiciadescribed in greater detail herein. In some aspects, such acommunication/transmission may be configured to and/or includeinformation that may inform, notify, and/or alert the receivingapparatus (e.g., STA or AP) that another apparatus (e.g., transmittingapparatus, such as an AP or STA) intends, wishes, plans, and/or isinterested in communicating to/with one or more apparatus (e.g., STA orAP), e.g., at least that receiving apparatus, using a primaryradio/transceiver and/or a secondary radio/transceiver of such apparatus(e.g., STA or AP). In some aspects, such a communication/transmissionmay be configured to and/or include information that may inform, notify,and/or alert the receiving apparatus (e.g., STA or AP) that anotherapparatus (e.g., transmitting apparatus, such as an AP or STA) hasprepared for transmission (e.g., in its memory/cache/buffer) at leastone frame, packet, and/or unit/encapsulation of data/information, e.g.,that it intends, wishes, plans, and/or is interested in communicatingto/with one or more apparatus (e.g., STA or AP), e.g., at least thatreceiving apparatus, using a primary radio/transceiver and/or asecondary radio/transceiver of such apparatus (e.g., STA or AP).

In some aspects, such communication/transmission (e.g., a packet, datapacket, a frame, a data frame, an awaken packet, an awaken requestpacket, a request packet, a response packet, an awaken response packet,a beacon, and/or any various other suitable encapsulation ofinformation) and/or any one or more of its field(s), signal(s), bit(s),or portion(s)) may include an indication (e.g., a counter, countervalue, etc., as described in greater detail herein) regarding (1) anavailability of an updated identifier/value for one or more parametersof a basic service set (BSS) (e.g., to which the apparatus (e.g., STA orAP) is or is not yet a member or assigned) and/or or (2) whether anupdated identifier/value for one or more parameters of a basic serviceset (BSS) (e.g., to which the apparatus (e.g., STA or AP) is or is notyet a member or assigned) is available for the apparatus (e.g., STA orAP). The apparatus may utilize such an indicator (e.g., a counter,counter value, etc., as described in greater detail herein) to determinewhether an updated identifier/value for one or more parameters of abasic service set (BSS) (e.g., to which the apparatus (e.g., STA or AP)is or is not yet a member or assigned) is available for the apparatus(e.g., STA or AP).

In some aspects, the packet 320 may be configured to awaken a singleapparatus. In some aspects, the packet 320 may be configured to awaken aplurality of apparatuses associated with or assigned a particularidentifier. In some aspects, the packet comprises information indicatinga time by which to complete an awaken procedure. In some aspects, suchawakening comprises STA 120 altering a power state/mode orturning/powering on/up PR 222. In some aspects, the packet 320 includesinformation indicating or identifying which receiver(s) of that packet320 is/are intended recipients. In some aspects, the informationindicates that the packet 320 (e.g., awaken packet) is intended for aspecific receiver, every/all receivers that receive that packet 320(e.g., awaken packet), or a plurality of specific receivers that doesnot necessarily include all receivers that receive the packet 320 (e.g.,awaken packet). In some aspects, the packet 320 includes informationindicating whether to awaken, which may include transitioning from alow/lower power state/mode to a high/higher power state/mode. In someaspects, the packet 320 may include information indicating whether tocommunicate a response (e.g., response 330) to the packet 320.

In some aspects, the awaken packet may be configured to awaken a singleapparatus. In some aspects, the awaken packet may be configured toawaken a plurality of apparatuses (e.g., a plurality of apparatusesassociated with or assigned a particular identifier (e.g., groupidentifier)). In some aspects, ‘awaken’ may include causing theapparatus (that received the awaken packet) to alter the power state orpower/turn on/up the primary radio(s)/receiver(s), the secondaryradio(s)/receiver(s), and/or any other component of the apparatus. Insome aspects, the awaken packet includes information indicating a timeto begin a respective awaken procedure by one or more apparatus. In someaspects, the awaken packet may include information indicating a time bywhich to complete a respective awaken procedure by each of the one ormore apparatus.

In some aspects, an awaken request packet may be configured to includevarious fields or information. In some aspects, such fields/informationmay include information indicating a time by which one or more receiversof the (respective) awaken request packet(s) shall finish an awakenprocedure that transitions that/those receiver(s), or any one or more ofits receiver(s)/radio(s), from an off/inactive/doze/low-/lower-powerstate/mode/configuration to an on/active/high-/higher-powerstate/mode/configuration. In some aspects, an apparatus (e.g.,receiver/recipient) of the awaken request packet may determine when(e.g., a specific time, perhaps in relation to the time of receiving theawaken request packet) (i) to perform an awaken procedure, (ii) tocomplete an awaken procedure, or (iii) to turn on or power on/up one ormore of its receivers/radios. In some aspects, such fields/informationmay include information (e.g., one or more bits, a bitmap, etc.)indicating or identifying which specific receivers of that awakenrequest packet is/are the intended destination(s)/recipient(s). In someaspects, such fields/information may include information indicating thatthat awaken request packet is intended for a specific/individualreceiver/recipient.

In some aspects, such fields/information may include informationindicating that that awaken request packet is intended for allreceivers/recipients that receive that awaken request packet. In suchaspects, the awaken request packet may not include a specific identifieridentifying a specific receiver/recipient of that awaken request packet.In some aspects, such fields/information may include informationindicating that that awaken request packet is intended for a pluralityof specific receivers/recipients, wherein that plurality of specificreceivers/recipients is a subset (i.e., does not include all) of therecipients/receivers that receive that awaken request packet. In someaspects, such fields/information may indicate whether to perform one ormore operations by a receiver/recipient of that awaken request packet.For example, such an operation may be to awaken (e.g., transition froman off/inactive/low-/lower-power state/mode/configuration to anon/active/high-/higher-power state/mode/configuration). As anotherexample, such an operation may be to communicate (e.g., transmit) aresponse (e.g., response packet, awaken response packet, etc.) after, inresponse to, and/or in association with receiving the awaken requestpacket.

In some aspects, the packet 320 includes a portion that includes aplurality of identifiers. Each identifier may correspond to a value ofan intended recipient apparatus (of the packet 320). In some aspects,the plurality of identifiers may be included in the portion of thepacket 320 in a numerically ordered manner. In some aspects, theplurality of identifier may be included in the portion of the packet 320in a numerically ascending or descending manner. STA 120 may have beenassigned an identifier by AP 110 in a preceding communication. In someaspects, in response to processing an identifier (of the plurality ofidentifiers) that has a value not equal to and not less than a value ofthe identifier assigned to STA 120, STA 120 may determine to not processany remaining ones of the plurality of identifiers (nor any remainingportion of the packet 320).

In some aspects, STA 120 may process individual ones of the plurality ofidentifiers of the portion until reaching an identifier that is greaterthan the identifier assigned to STA 120, at which time STA 120 maydetermine to not process any remaining ones of the plurality ofidentifiers (nor any remaining portion of the packet 320). In someaspects, upon reaching an end or final one of the plurality ofidentifiers without identifying any identifier (of the plurality ofidentifiers) that is greater than (or that is not equal to and not lessthan) the identifier assigned to STA 120, STA 120 may determine to notprocess any remaining ones of the plurality of identifiers (nor anyremaining portion of the packet 320). In some aspects, upon reaching anend or final one of the plurality of identifiers and determining thatthe end or final one of the plurality of identifiers comprises a valuethat is not equal to and not greater than the identifier assigned to STA120, STA 120 may determine to not process any remaining ones of theplurality of identifiers (nor any remaining portion of the packet 320).

As described in greater detail herein, in some aspects, an apparatus(e.g., AP and/or STA) may receive/transmit a communication/transmissione.g., a packet, data packet, a frame, a data frame, an awaken packet, anawaken request packet, a request packet, a response packet, an awakenresponse packet, a beacon, and/or any various other suitableencapsulation of information), and such communication/transmission mayinclude field(s), signal(s), bit(s), or portion(s) that includes any oneor more of the various signals, parameters, values, or other indiciadescribed in greater detail herein. In some aspects, a preamble, aheader, a data, a signal, a payload, and/or one or more encapsulationsof such field(s), signal(s), bit(s), or portion(s) may include aplurality of identifier.

In some aspects, the plurality of identifiers may eachidentify/correspond to a value or attribute of an apparatus (e.g.,STA(s)/AP(s)) (that may (or may not) be a recipient of suchcommunication/transmission). In some aspects, such plurality ofidentifiers (or their respective values, attributes, etc.) may beincluded in such preamble, header, data, signal, payload, and/or one ormore encapsulations of such field(s), signal(s), bit(s), or portion(s)in an organized, non-random, systematized, consecutive,ascending/descending (e.g., numerically ascending/descending),deterministic, ordered (e.g., numerically ordered), or some othersimilar manner.

In some aspects, the apparatus (STA or AP) may be assigned an identifierthat is or is not included in the aforementioned plurality ofidentifiers. In some aspects, the apparatus (e.g., STA or AP) may beassigned such an identifier (and any corresponding value/attribute/etc.)by/from another apparatus (e.g., AP or STA) in a precedingtransmission/communication (e.g., a packet, data packet, a frame, a dataframe, an awaken packet, an awaken request packet, a request packet, aresponse packet, an awaken response packet, a beacon, and/or any variousother suitable encapsulation of information including field(s),signal(s), bit(s), or portion(s) that includes any one or more of thevarious signals, parameters, values, or other indicia) or in asame/concurrent transmission/communication (e.g., a packet, data packet,a frame, a data frame, an awaken packet, an awaken request packet, arequest packet, a response packet, an awaken response packet, a beacon,and/or any various other suitable encapsulation of information includingfield(s), signal(s), bit(s), or portion(s) that includes any one or moreof the various signals, parameters, values, or other indicia) as that ofthe aforementioned transmission/communication (in which theaforementioned plurality of identifiers is included).

In some aspects, an apparatus (e.g., STA or AP) may be configured to,after/upon or in response to receiving, demodulating, or processing suchorganized, non-random, systematized, consecutive, descending (e.g.,numerically descending), ascending/descending (e.g., numericallyascending/descending), deterministic, and/or ordered (e.g., numericallyordered) preamble, header, data, signal, payload, and/or one or moreencapsulations of such field(s), signal(s), bit(s), or portion(s),determine to not process/demodulate any remaining ones of the pluralityof identifiers (if any) and/or any remaining portion(s) (if any) of suchpreamble, header, data, signal, payload, and/or one or moreencapsulations of such field(s), signal(s), bit(s), or portion(s).

In some aspects, the apparatus (e.g., STA or AP) may make suchdetermination (to not process/demodulate any remaining ones of theplurality of identifiers (if any) and/or any remaining portion(s) (ifany) of such preamble, header, data, signal, payload, and/or one or moreencapsulations of such field(s), signal(s), bit(s), or portion(s)) inresponse to or upon/afterdetermining/identifying/processing/demodulating an identifier (or avalue/attribute/etc. thereof) (of the plurality of identifiers includedin the communication/transmission) that is (or has/includes avalue/attribute/etc. thereof) not equal to and not less than (e.g.,greater than) the identifier (or a value/attribute thereof) assigned tothe apparatus (e.g., STA or AP) (that received thatcommunication/transmission comprising such plurality of identifiers).

In some aspects, the apparatus (e.g., STA or AP) may process/demodulate(individual/particular) ones of the plurality of identifiers (if any)and/or any remaining portion(s) (if any) of such preamble, header, data,signal, payload, and/or one or more encapsulations of such field(s),signal(s), bit(s), or portion(s) until/unlessreaching/determining/identifying/processing/demodulating an identifier(or a value/attribute/etc. thereof) (of the plurality of identifiersincluded in the communication/transmission) that is (or has/includes avalue/attribute/etc. thereof) not equal to and not less than (e.g.,greater than) the identifier (or a value/attribute thereof) assigned tothe apparatus (e.g., STA or AP) (that received thatcommunication/transmission comprising such plurality of identifiers), atwhich point/time the apparatus (STA or AP) may make the aforementioneddetermination (to no longer or not process/demodulate any remaining onesof the plurality of identifiers (if any) and/or any remaining portion(s)(if any) of such preamble, header, data, signal, payload, and/or one ormore encapsulations of such field(s), signal(s), bit(s), or portion(s))in response to or upon/afterdetermining/identifying/processing/demodulating an identifier (or avalue/attribute/etc. thereof) (of the plurality of identifiers includedin the communication/transmission) that is (or has/includes avalue/attribute/etc. thereof) not equal to and not less than (e.g.,greater than) the identifier (or a value/attribute thereof) assigned tothe apparatus (e.g., STA or AP) (that received thatcommunication/transmission comprising such plurality of identifiers).

In some aspects, the apparatus (e.g., STA or AP) may make theaforementioned determination (to not process/demodulate any remainingones of the plurality of identifiers (if any) and/or any remainingportion(s) (if any) of such preamble, header, data, signal, payload,and/or one or more encapsulations of such field(s), signal(s), bit(s),or portion(s)) in response to or upon/afterreaching/determining/identifying/processing/demodulating an end orfinal/last one of the plurality of identifiers (or avalue/attribute/etc. thereof) (included in thecommunication/transmission) without processing/identifying/demodulatingany identifier (of the plurality of identifiers) that is (orhas/includes a value/attribute/etc.) not equal to and not less than(e.g., is not greater than) the identifier (or a value/attributethereof) assigned to the apparatus (e.g., STA or AP) (that received thatcommunication/transmission comprising such plurality of identifiers).(At that point/time, the apparatus (STA or AP) may make theaforementioned determination (to no longer or not process/demodulate anyremaining ones of the plurality of identifiers (if any) and/or anyremaining portion(s) (if any) of such preamble, header, data, signal,payload, and/or one or more encapsulations of such field(s), signal(s),bit(s), or portion(s)) in response to or upon/afterdetermining/identifying/processing/demodulating an identifier (or avalue/attribute/etc. thereof) (of the plurality of identifiers includedin the communication/transmission) that is (or has/includes avalue/attribute/etc. thereof) not equal to and not less than (e.g.,greater than) the identifier (or a value/attribute thereof) assigned tothe apparatus (e.g., STA or AP) (that received thatcommunication/transmission comprising such plurality of identifiers).)

In other words, in some aspects, the apparatus (e.g., STA or AP) maymake the aforementioned determination (to not process/demodulate anyremaining ones of the plurality of identifiers (if any) and/or anyremaining portion(s) (if any) of such preamble, header, data, signal,payload, and/or one or more encapsulations of such field(s), signal(s),bit(s), or portion(s)) in response to or upon/afterreaching/determining/identifying/processing/demodulating an end orfinal/last one of the plurality of identifiers (or avalue/attribute/etc. thereof) (included in thecommunication/transmission) and determining that such end or final/lastone of the plurality of identifiers (or a value/attribute/etc. thereof)(included in the communication/transmission) comprises a value that isnot equal to and/or not greater than (e.g., is less than) the identifier(or value/attribute thereof) assigned to the apparatus (e.g., STA or AP)(that received the aforementioned communication/transmission comprisingthe aforementioned plurality of identifiers). (At that point/time, theapparatus (STA or AP) may make the aforementioned determination (to nolonger or not process/demodulate any remaining ones of the plurality ofidentifiers (if any) and/or any remaining portion(s) (if any) of suchpreamble, header, data, signal, payload, and/or one or moreencapsulations of such field(s), signal(s), bit(s), or portion(s)) inresponse to or upon/afterdetermining/identifying/processing/demodulating an identifier (or avalue/attribute/etc. thereof) (of the plurality of identifiers includedin the communication/transmission) that is (or has/includes avalue/attribute/etc. thereof) not equal to and not less than (e.g.,greater than) the identifier (or a value/attribute thereof) assigned tothe apparatus (e.g., STA or AP) (that received thatcommunication/transmission comprising such plurality of identifiers).)

In some aspects, the packet 320 may include data, a payload, or a datapacket. In some aspects, the packet 320 may be modulated using on offkeying. In some aspects, the packet 320 may include a tail sequence thatincludes a frame check sequence. In some aspects, the packet 320includes data associated with a configuration of STA 120. In someaspects, the packet 320 may include a synchronization signal (SS). Insome aspects, a duration of the SS varies according to one or morefactors, wherein such one or more factors may include a data rate of thecommunication that included the packet 320. In some aspects, STA 120may, based on a duration of a bit/symbol in the packet 320, determine amagnitude of one or more factors, wherein the one or more factors mayinclude a data rate of the packet 320. In some aspects, the SS mayinclude information enabling or useful for a determination of a rate oftransmission of information in the packet 320. In some aspects, the SScomprises information enabling or useful for an identification ordetermination of a boundary between a preamble of the packet 320 andanother portion (e.g., data/payload) of the packet 320. In some aspects,this other portion (e.g., data/payload) follows (e.g., in time orsequence) the SS. In some aspects, the packet 320 lacks or is without aheader between the SS and the data/payload.

In some aspects, the awaken request packet may include informationindicating whether a transmitter/apparatus (e.g., AP) of the awakenrequest packet will transmit a response request packet to theapparatus/receiver (e.g., STA(s)) of the awaken request packet. In someaspects, a response request packet may cause/induce/trigger thatreceiver/apparatus (e.g., STA(s)) to transmit (e.g., via an ULtransmission) an awaken response packet (e.g., ACK, NACK, otherresponse, etc.) after, in response to, and/or in association withreceiving the awaken request packet. In some aspects, such an indicationmay be a bit/bitmap capable of having a first value (e.g., 1) indicatingthat the apparatus/transmitter (e.g., AP) of the awaken request packetwill transmit the response request packet to that apparatus/receiver(e.g., STA(s)) of the awaken request packet and/or a second value (e.g.,0) indicating that the apparatus/transmitter (e.g., AP) of the awakenrequest packet will not transmit the response request packet to thatapparatus/receiver (e.g., STA(s)) of the awaken request packet. In someaspects, if/when the awaken request packet includes, e.g., the firstvalue, the apparatus/receiver (e.g., STA(s)) may not (or may refrainfrom) contending for a wireless communication channel for a period oftime, e.g., in anticipation of, or at least until after receiving, theresponse request packet. In some aspects, if the apparatus/receiver(e.g., STA(s)) does not receive the response request packet within sucha period of time, the apparatus/receiver (e.g., STA(s)) may initiate aprocess to contend for the wireless communication channel. In someaspects, if/when the awaken request packet includes, e.g., the secondvalue, the apparatus/receiver (e.g., STA(s)) may initiate a process tocontend for the wireless communication channel, e.g., without waitingfor such a period of time.

In some aspects, a packet (e.g., awaken packet, awaken request packet,etc.) may include one or more identifiers. In some aspects, the packet(e.g., awaken packet, awaken request packet, etc.) may include a firstidentifier associated with/corresponding to/indicating /identifying atransmitter of that packet (e.g., awaken packet, awaken request packet,etc.). In some aspects, the packet (e.g., awaken packet, awaken requestpacket, etc.) may include a second identifier (e.g., different from thefirst identifier) associated with/corresponding to/indicating/identifying a receiver (e.g., an intended/destined receiver)of that packet (e.g., awaken packet, awaken request packet, etc.). Insome aspects, the packet (e.g., awaken packet, awaken request packet,etc.) includes an identifier (e.g., a single identifier) associatedwith/ corresponding to/indicating/identifying a transmitter and areceiver (e.g., an intended/destined receiver) of that packet (e.g.,awaken packet, awaken request packet, etc.).

In some aspects, a packet (e.g., awaken packet, awaken request packet,etc.) may include a group identifier, which may indicate an identifierwith which a group of one or more receivers/apparatuses is/areassociated. In some aspects, a packet (e.g., awaken packet, awakenrequest packet, etc.) may include an abbreviated/compressed basicservice set identifier. In some aspects, a packet (e.g., awaken packet,awaken request packet, etc.) may include type information associatedwith the data/information included in the packet (e.g., awaken packet,awaken request packet, etc.). In some aspects, a packet (e.g., awakenpacket, awaken request packet, etc.) may include data/payload. In someaspects, a packet (e.g., awaken packet, awaken request packet, etc.) mayinclude a tail sequence, such as a frame check sequence.

As described in greater detail herein, in some aspects, an apparatus(e.g., AP and/or STA) may receive a communication/transmission (e.g., apacket, data packet, a frame, a data frame, an awaken packet, an awakenrequest packet, a request packet, and/or any other suitableencapsulation of information), and such communication/transmission mayinclude field(s), signal(s), bit(s), or portion(s) that includes any oneor more of the various signals, parameters, values, or other indiciadescribed in greater detail herein. In some aspects, such field(s),signal(s), bit(s), or portion(s) may include or be a preamble, a header,a timing management signal, a synchronization value/counter/signal,and/or various other suitable types of information/data, as described ingreater detail herein. In some aspects, the duration and/orinformation/values/data of such field(s), signal(s), bit(s), orportion(s) may be variable and/or may vary according to or depend on oneor more factors. In some aspects, such one or more factors may includechannel information of at least a portion of thetransmission/communication, channel quality information of at least aportion of the transmission/communication, a rate (e.g.,transmission/reception/data rate) of at least a portion of thetransmission/communication, a frequency or frequency range/band of atleast a portion of the transmission/communication, and/or various othersuitable aspects related to at least a portion of thetransmission/communication. Such at least a portion of thetransmission/communication may include or comprise a portion of thetransmission/communication that is the same as or different from theaforementioned preamble, header, timing management signal,synchronization value/counter/signal, and/or various other suitabletypes of information/data, as described in greater detail herein. Forexample, in some aspects, such at least a portion of thetransmission/communication may include, refer to, or comprise apayload/data portion of the transmission/communication.

In some aspects, the information/values/data of such field(s),signal(s), bit(s), or portion(s) may include a firstset/sequence/structure of values/bits/data if/when the value/magnitudeof such one or more such factors is relatively lower/low (e.g., lesserthan a threshold value, equal to a low value). In some aspects, theinformation/values/data of such field(s), signal(s), bit(s), orportion(s) may include a second set/sequence/structure ofvalue/bits/data if/when the value/magnitude of such one or more suchfactors is relatively higher/high (e.g., greater than a/the thresholdvalue, equal to a high value).

In some aspects, the first set/sequence/structure of values/bits/datamay have a relationship with the second set/sequence/structure ofvalues/bits/data. In some aspects, the first set/sequence/structure ofvalues/bits/data may be or include a complement of the secondset/sequence/structure of values/bits/data. In some aspects, the secondset/sequence/structure of values/bits/data may be or include acomplement of the first set/sequence/structure of values/bits/data. Insome aspects, at least a portion of the first set/sequence/structure ofvalues/bits/data may be a complement of at least a portion of the secondset/sequence/structure of values/bits/data, or vice versa. In someaspects, a ‘complement’ of something may refer to an inverse of thatsomething, an opposite of that something, a complementing value of thatsomething, otherwise different from or not included in the set of thatsomething, or any other aspect associated with a complement asunderstood by one of ordinary skill in the art. In some aspects, thecomplement of A may be Ā, A′, or A^(C), and the complement of Ā, A′, orA^(C) may be A. In some aspects, the complement of 0 may be 1, and thecomplement of 1 may be 0.

In some aspects, the duration of such field(s), signal(s), bit(s), orportion(s) may be directly proportional/related to the value/magnitudeof such one or more such factors. For example, the duration of suchfield(s), signal(s), bit(s), or portion(s) may belong/longer/high/great/greater when/if the value/magnitude of such oneor more such factors is relatively higher/high (e.g., above/greater thana threshold value, or equal to a high value), and/or the duration ofsuch field(s), signal(s), bit(s), or portion(s) may beshort/shorter/lesser/less/low when/if the value/magnitude of such one ormore such factors is relatively lower/low (e.g., lesser than a/thethreshold value, equal to a low value).

In some aspects, the duration of such field(s), signal(s), bit(s), orportion(s) may be inversely/oppositely proportional/related to thevalue/magnitude of such one or more such factors. For example, theduration of such field(s), signal(s), bit(s), or portion(s) may belong/longer/greater/great/high/higher when/if the value/magnitude ofsuch one or more such factors is relatively lower/low (e.g., lesser thana threshold value, equal to a low value). In some aspects, the durationof such field(s), signal(s), bit(s), or portion(s) may beshort/shorter/low/lesser when the value/magnitude of such one or moresuch factors is relatively great/higher/high (e.g., greater than a/thethreshold value, equal to a high value).

In some aspects, such an apparatus may determine the duration of suchfield(s), signal(s), bit(s), or portion(s) of thecommunication/transmission based on a value/magnitude of such one ormore factors. In some aspects, such an apparatus may determine avalue/magnitude of such one or more factors based on the duration ofsuch field(s), signal(s), bit(s), or portion(s) of thecommunication/transmission. In some aspects, such an apparatus maydetermine the duration of such field(s), signal(s), bit(s), orportion(s) of the communication/transmission by comparing avalue/magnitude of such one or more factors with a value/magnitude ofone or more threshold or predetermined/preconfigured valued/magnitudes(e.g., possibly stored in the apparatus). In some aspects, the durationor quantity (e.g., of field(s), signal(s), or bit(s)) of the firstset/sequence/structure of values/bits/data may be equal to, a fraction(e.g., a proper fraction, or an improper fraction) of, or a multiple ofthe duration or quantity (e.g., of field(s), signal(s), or bit(s)) ofthe second set/sequence/structure of values/bits/data. In some aspects,the duration or quantity (e.g., of field(s), signal(s), or bit(s)) ofthe second set/sequence/structure of values/bits/data may be equal to, afraction (e.g., a proper fraction, or an improper fraction) of, or amultiple of the duration or quantity (e.g., of field(s), signal(s), orbit(s)) of the first set/sequence/structure of values/bits/data. In someaspects, the first set/sequence/structure of values/bits/data and/or thesecond set/sequence/structure of values/bits/data may be repeated atleast once (e.g., in a sequential/contiguous/continuous ornear-sequential/near-contiguous/near-continuous pattern/manner).

In some aspects, the communication/transmission received by theapparatus may not include a specific field/parameter/portion thatexplicitly indicates such one or more factors (e.g., channelinformation, channel quality information, a rate (e.g.,transmission/reception/data rate) of the transmission/communication, afrequency or frequency range/band of the transmission/communication,and/or various other suitable aspects of the transmission/communication)associated with the communication/transmission. In some aspects, such anapparatus may determine/infer a value/magnitude (e.g., a relativevalue/magnitude, relative to a threshold value) of such one or morefactors based on (e.g., a value of such) information/values/data of theaforementioned field(s), signal(s), bit(s), or portion(s), which mayinclude the aforementioned first set/sequence/structure ofvalues/bits/data and/or second set/sequence/structure ofvalues/bits/data. For example, such an apparatus maydetermine/infer/differentiate a high or relatively highervalue/magnitude of such one or more factors when/if theinformation/values/data of such field(s), signal(s), bit(s), orportion(s) includes the first set/sequence/structure ofvalues/bits/data, and/or such an apparatus maydetermine/infer/differentiate a low or relatively lower value/magnitudeof such one or more factors when/if the information/values/data of suchfield(s), signal(s), bit(s), or portion(s) include the secondset/sequence/structure of values/bits/data.

In some aspects, in such a plurality of bits (of the such field(s),signal(s), bit(s), or portion(s)), such field(s), signal(s), bit(s), orportion(s) may include a plurality of bits (e.g., a series of binarybits) where each bit may each have various values without deviating fromthe scope of the present disclosure. In some aspects, in such aplurality of bits (of the such field(s), signal(s), bit(s), orportion(s)), the number of bits having a first value may be equal to orapproximately equal to the number of bits having a second value, whereinthe second value is different from (e.g., a complement of) the firstvalue, and/or wherein the first value is different from (e.g., acomplement of) the second value. In some aspects, in such a plurality ofbits (of the such field(s), signal(s), bit(s), or portion(s)), two ormore bits of such plurality of bits may have the same value (e.g., thesame first value or the same second value). In some aspects, in such aplurality of bits (of the such field(s), signal(s), bit(s), orportion(s)), no more than three consecutive/contiguous bits comprise thesame value (e.g., the first value and/or the second value).

In some aspects, in such a plurality of bits (of the such field(s),signal(s), bit(s), or portion(s)), at least one and/or fewer thantwo/three set(s) of three/four (or fewer) consecutive/contiguous bitscomprise a first value and/or at least one and/or fewer than two/threeset(s) of three/four (or fewer) consecutive/contiguous bits comprise asecond value, wherein the second value is different from (e.g., acomplement of) the first value, and/or vice versa. In some aspects, insuch a plurality of bits (of the such field(s), signal(s), bit(s), orportion(s)), a duration (e.g., a maximum duration) of time associatedwith at least one and/or fewer than two/three set(s) of three/four (orfewer) consecutive/contiguous bits comprising a first value is equal toor substantially equal to a duration (e.g., a maximum duration) of timeassociated with at least one and/or fewer than two/three set(s) ofthree/four (or fewer) consecutive/contiguous bits comprising a secondvalue, wherein the second value is different from (e.g., a complementof) the first value, and/or vice versa.

In some aspects, a duration (e.g., a maximum duration) of timeassociated with consecutive/contiguous bits having a particular (e.g.,the same) value/attribute in the aforementioned field(s), signal(s),bit(s), or portion(s) of the communication/transmission is less than orequal to twice the duration (e.g., a maximum duration) of timeassociated with consecutive/contiguous bits having a particular (e.g.,the same) value/attribute in at least one other portion of suchcommunication/transmission (and such other portion of suchcommunication/transmission may include a payload/data portion of suchcommunication/transmission). In some aspects, a duration (e.g., amaximum duration) of time associated with a particular value/attribute(e.g., power level, communication signal, off-/on-period,off-/on-signal, low-/high-power signal, etc.) in the aforementionedfield(s), signal(s), bit(s), or portion(s) of thecommunication/transmission is less than or equal to twice a duration(e.g., a maximum duration) of time with which a similar/samevalue/attribute in at least one other portion of suchcommunication/transmission (and such other portion of suchcommunication/transmission may include a payload/data portion of suchcommunication/transmission).

In some aspects, the aforementioned first value may correspond to, beassociated with, or cause the apparatus to communicate/operate accordingto a first signal value/amplitude value, a first signal energy level,‘on’ duration/period/value, or other attribute/characteristic suitablefor communication. In some aspects, the aforementioned second value maycorrespond to, be associated with, or cause the apparatus tocommunicate/operate according to a second signal value/amplitude value,a second signal energy level, an ‘off’ duration/period/value, or otherattribute/characteristic suitable for communication, which may bedifferent from the aforementioned first signal value/amplitude value,first signal energy level, ‘on’ duration/period/value, or otherattribute/characteristic suitable for communication, respectively. Insome aspects, the aforementioned first value may correspond to, beassociated with, or cause the apparatus to communicate/operate accordingto a first signal value/amplitude value, a first signal energy level, an‘off’ duration/period/value, or other attribute/characteristic suitablefor communication. In some aspects, the aforementioned second value maycorrespond to, be associated with, or cause the apparatus tocommunicate/operate according to a second signal value/amplitude value,a second signal energy level, an ‘on’ duration/period/value, or otherattribute/characteristic suitable for communication, which may bedifferent from the aforementioned first signal value/amplitude value,first signal energy level, ‘off’ duration/period/value, or otherattribute/characteristic suitable for communication, respectively.

In some aspects, an apparatus (e.g., AP and/or STA) may receive acommunication/transmission (e.g., a packet, data packet, a frame, a dataframe, an awaken packet, an awaken request packet, a request packet,and/or any other suitable encapsulation of information), and suchcommunication/transmission may include field(s), signal(s), bit(s), orportion(s) that includes any one or more of the various signals,parameters, values, or other indicia described in greater detail herein.In some aspects, such field(s), signal(s), bit(s), or portion(s) mayinclude or be a preamble, a header, a timing management signal, asynchronization value/counter/signal, and/or various other suitabletypes of information/data, as described in greater detail herein. Insome aspects, the timing management signal and/or the synchronizationvalue/counter/signal (e.g., as described herein) may be included in thepreamble or header of a packet (e.g., an awaken packet, a requestpacket, and/or awaken request packet (as described herein). In someaspects, the duration and/or information/values/data of such field(s),signal(s), bit(s), or portion(s) may be variable and/or may varyaccording to or depend on one or more factors. In some aspects, such oneor more factors may include channel information, channel qualityinformation, a rate (e.g., transmission/reception/data rate) of thetransmission/communication, a frequency or frequency range/band of thetransmission/communication, and/or various other suitable aspectsrelated to the transmission/communication.

In some aspects, the duration of such field(s), signal(s), bit(s), orportion(s) may be greater when the value/magnitude of such one or moresuch factors is relatively lower/low (e.g., lesser than a thresholdvalue, equal to a low value). In some aspects, the duration of suchfield(s), signal(s), bit(s), or portion(s) may be lesser when thevalue/magnitude of such one or more such factors is relativelyhigher/high (e.g., greater than a/the threshold value, equal to a highvalue). In some aspects, such an apparatus may determine the duration ofsuch field(s), signal(s), bit(s), or portion(s) of thecommunication/transmission based on a value/magnitude of such one ormore factors. In some aspects, such an apparatus may determine theduration of such field(s), signal(s), bit(s), or portion(s) of thecommunication/transmission by comparing a value/magnitude of such one ormore factors with a value/magnitude of one or more threshold orpredetermined/preconfigured valued/magnitudes (e.g., possibly stored inthe apparatus).

In some aspects, the information/values/data of such field(s),signal(s), bit(s), or portion(s) may include a firstset/sequence/structure of values/bits/data when the value/magnitude ofsuch one or more such factors is relatively lower/low (e.g., lesser thana threshold value, equal to a low value). In some aspects, the durationof such field(s), signal(s), bit(s), or portion(s) may include a secondset/sequence/structure of value/bits/data when the value/magnitude ofsuch one or more such factors is relatively higher/high (e.g., greaterthan a/the threshold value, equal to a high value). In some aspects, thefirst set/sequence/structure of values/bits/data may have a relationshipwith the second set/sequence/structure of values/bits/data. In someaspects, the first set/sequence/structure of values/bits/data may be acompliment of the second set/sequence/structure of values/bits/data, orvice versa. In some aspects, such an apparatus may determine/infer avalue/magnitude (e.g., a relative value/magnitude) of such one or morefactors based on (e.g., a value of such) information/values/data of suchfield(s), signal(s), bit(s), or portion(s). For example, such anapparatus may determine/infer/differentiate a high or relatively highervalue/magnitude of such one or more factors when theinformation/values/data of such field(s), signal(s), bit(s), orportion(s) includes the first set/sequence/structure ofvalues/bits/data, and/or such an apparatus maydetermine/infer/differentiate a low or relatively lower value/magnitudeof such one or more factors when the information/values/data of suchfield(s), signal(s), bit(s), or portion(s) include the secondset/sequence/structure of values/bits/data.

As stated above, in some aspects, an apparatus (e.g., AP and/or STA) mayreceive a communication/transmission (e.g., a packet, data packet, aframe, a data frame, an awaken packet, an awaken request packet, arequest packet, and/or any other suitable encapsulation of information),and such communication/transmission may include field(s), signal(s),bit(s), or portion(s) that includes any one or more of the varioussignals, parameters, values, or other indicia described in greaterdetail herein. As also stated above, in some aspects, such field(s),signal(s), bit(s), or portion(s) may include or be a preamble, a header,a timing management signal, a synchronization value/counter/signal,and/or various other suitable types of information/data, as described ingreater detail herein. In some aspects, such field(s), signal(s),bit(s), or portion(s) may include information useful, configured for, orenabling a/an identification, determination, inference, ordifferentiation of a rate of transmission of information in suchcommunication/transmission. In some aspects, such field(s), signal(s),bit(s), or portion(s) may include information useful, configured for, orenabling a identification, determination, inference, or differentiationof a boundary of at least a portion of transmission of information insuch communication/transmission, such as a boundary between (1) thepreamble, header, timing management signal, and/or synchronizationsignal and (2) at least one other portion of suchcommunication/transmission. In some aspects, such field(s), signal(s),bit(s), or portion(s) may include information useful, configured for, orenabling a identification, determination, inference, or differentiationof a type, classification, category, or other suitable attribute of suchcommunication/transmission.

In some aspects, such communication/transmission (e.g., a packet, datapacket, a frame, a data frame, an awaken packet, an awaken requestpacket, a request packet, and/or any other suitable encapsulation ofinformation) may include a data portion, a payload portion, or someother similar type of information. Such data/payload portion may besubsequent to (without necessarily being contiguous in relation to) orfollow (e.g., in time) the aforementioned field(s), signal(s), bit(s),or portion(s) of such communication/transmission. Such data/payloadportion of such communication/transmission may include: controlinformation; information (e.g., identification information) associatedwith an apparatus that transmitted such communication/transmission;information associated with a basic service set with which (1) suchcommunication/transmission is associated, (2) the apparatus thattransmitted such communication/transmission is associated, or (3) asingular/plurality of apparatus to/for which suchcommunication/transmission is intended/destined is associated; and/orinformation associated with a group identifier with which one or moreapparatuses to/for which such communication/transmission is intended isor will be associated.

As stated above, in some aspects, an apparatus (e.g., AP and/or STA) mayreceive a communication/transmission (e.g., a packet, data packet, aframe, a data frame, an awaken packet, an awaken request packet, arequest packet, and/or any other suitable encapsulation of information),and such communication/transmission may include field(s), signal(s),bit(s), or portion(s) that includes any one or more of the varioussignals, parameters, values, or other indicia described in greaterdetail herein. As also stated above, in some aspects, such field(s),signal(s), bit(s), or portion(s) may include or be a preamble, a header,a timing management signal, a synchronization value/counter/signal,and/or various other suitable types of information/data, as described ingreater detail herein. In some aspects, such transmission/communicationmay lack, not include, or be without a/another header (e.g., a physical(PHY) and/or medium access control (MAC) header(s), etc.) between (1)the aforementioned field(s), signal(s), bit(s), or portion(s) (which mayinclude or be a preamble, a header, a timing management signal, asynchronization value/counter/signal) and (2) the aforementioneddata/payload portion(s).

In some aspects, a (receiving) apparatus (e.g., STA/AP) maytransition/change to the third mode/state/configuration described above(in which its primary/main radio/receiver may be/operate in anoff/low-/lower-/inactive/doze power mode/state/configuration and itssecondary radio/receiver may be/operate in an (e.g.,always/continuously) on/high-/higher-/active powermode/state/configuration) or the fourth mode/state/configurationdescribed above (in which its primary/main radio/receiver may be/operatein an off/low-/lower-/inactive/doze power mode/state/configuration andits secondary radio/receiver may cycle/alternate between a period ofbeing/operating in an on/high-/higher-/active powermode/state/configuration followed by a period of being/operating in anoff/low-/lower-/inactive/doze power mode/state/configuration (or viceversa), e.g., according to a duty cycle, schedule, frequency, orperiodicity), e.g., from the first mode/state/configuration describedabove (in which its primary/main radio/receiver may be/operate in anon/high-/higher-/active power mode/state/configuration and its secondaryradio/receiver may be/operate in an off/low-/lower-/inactive/doze powermode/state/configuration) or from the second mode/state/configurationdescribed above (in which its primary/main radio/receiver maycycle/alternate/vary between a period/duration of being/operating in anon/high-/higher-/active power mode/state/configuration and/followed by aperiod/duration of being/operating in an off/low-/lower-/inactive/dozepower mode/state/configuration (or vice versa), e.g., according to aduty cycle, schedule, frequency, or periodicity and its secondaryradio/receiver may be/operate in an off/low-/lower-/inactive/doze powermode/state/configuration), if/when or only if/when that (receiving)apparatus (e.g., STA/AP) is unable/unsuccessful in transmittinga/any/all packet(s) (e.g., awaken response packet(s)) to anotherapparatus (e.g., AP/STA) and receiving a response (e.g., ACK, NACK,response packet, etc.) (after, in response to, and/or in associationwith transmitting that packet) within a period/duration of time, e.g.,after/relative to a time that the (receiving) apparatus completed anawaken procedure and/or began operating in the firstmode/state/configuration described above (in which its primary/mainradio/receiver may be/operate in an on/high-/higher-/active powermode/state/configuration and its secondary radio/receiver may be/operatein an off/low-/lower-/inactive/doze power mode/state/configuration)and/or the second mode/state/configuration described above (in which itsprimary/main radio/receiver may cycle/alternate/vary between aperiod/duration of being/operating in an on/high-/higher-/active powermode/state/configuration and/followed by a period/duration ofbeing/operating in an off/low-/lower-/inactive/doze powermode/state/configuration (or vice versa), e.g., according to a dutycycle, schedule, frequency, or periodicity and its secondaryradio/receiver may be/operate in an off/low-/lower-/inactive/doze powermode/state/configuration).

In some aspects, in the SS, a number of bits having a first value isequal to a number of bits having a second value. In some aspects, thefirst value is different from (or a complement of) the second value. Insome aspects, in the SS, no more than three consecutive/contiguous bitscomprise the same value. In some aspects, in the SS, at least one/twoset of three consecutive/contiguous bits comprise a first value and atleast one/two set of three consecutive/contiguous bits comprise a secondvalue, and the first value may be different from (or a complement of)the second value. In some aspects, at a particular data rate, in the SS,fewer than three sets of three consecutive/contiguous bits comprise afirst value and fewer than three sets of three consecutive/contiguousbits comprise a second value, wherein the first value is different from(or a complement of) the second value.

In some aspects, the first value may correspond to communicationaccording to a first signal energy level and the second value maycorrespond to communication according to a second signal energy level,which may be different from the first signal energy level. In someaspects, the first value may correspond to communication according to afirst signal amplitude value or first signal energy level and the secondvalue may correspond to communication according to a second signalamplitude value or second signal energy level, whereby the first signalamplitude level may be different from the second signal amplitude level,and the first signal energy level may be different from the secondsignal energy level.

As described herein, in some aspects, the packet 320 may include the SS.In some aspects, a duration of the SS varies according to one or morefactors, wherein such one or more factors may include a data rate of thecommunication that included the packet 320. In some aspects, the SS hasa first duration when a magnitude of the one or more factors is lessthan a threshold value or equal to a low value, and/or the SS has asecond duration when a magnitude of the one or more factors is more thana threshold value or equal to a high value. In such aspects, the firstduration is greater than the second duration, or the second duration isless than the first duration. In some aspects, the SS comprises a firstset/structure of data when the magnitude of the one or more factors islesser than a threshold value or equal to a low value, and a secondset/structure of data when the magnitude of the one or more factors ismore than a threshold value or equal to a high value, whereby the firstset/structure of data may be different from the second set/structure ofdata.

In some aspects, the first set/structure of data has a relationship tothe second set/structure of data, or the second set/structure of datahas a relationship to the first set/structure of data. In some aspects,a quantity of bits of the first set/structure of data of the SS is amultiple of a quantity of bits of the second set/structure of data ofthe SS. In some aspects, the first set/structure of data of the SSand/or the second set/structure of data of the SS is repeated at leastonce in the packet 320. In some aspects, the first set/structure of datais or includes a complement of the second set/structure of data. In someaspects, at least a portion of the first set/structure of data of the SSmay be a complement of at least a portion of the second set/structure ofdata of the SS. In some aspects, at least a portion of the secondset/structure of data of the SS may be a complement of at least aportion of the first set/structure of data of the SS. In some aspects, acomplement of a first value refers to an inverse of the first value. Insome aspects, a complement of a first value refers to a second valuethat is different from the first value. In some aspects, a complement ofA comprises A. In some aspects, a complement of 0 comprises 1, and acomplement of 1 comprises 0.

As mentioned herein, in some aspects, the packet 320 (or at least someparts thereof) may be modulated using on off keying. In some aspects,the on off keying is configured differently based on a rate of datatransmission of the packet 320 (or at least some parts thereof). In someaspects, at a first data rate, a first set including one on-duration andone off-duration corresponds to a first value, and/or, at a second datarate, a first set including two on-durations and two off-durationcorresponds to the first value. In some aspects, at a first data rate, asecond set including one on-duration and one off-duration correspond toa second value, and/or, at a second data rate, a second set includingtwo on-durations and two off-duration correspond to the second value.The first data rate may be different from the second data rate. In someaspects, the first set may include one on-duration and one off-durationis different from the second set that includes one on-duration and oneoff-duration. In some aspects, the first set that includes twoon-durations and two off-duration may be different from the second setthat includes two on-durations and two off-duration, and the first valuemay be different from the second value. In some aspects, at the firstdata rate, each on- and off-duration has a duration of X microseconds,and/or, at the second data rate, each on- and off-duration includes aduration of A microseconds, which may be different from the duration ofX microseconds.

In some aspects, as described above, a received packet (e.g., an awakenpacket, an awaken request packet, etc.) may be modulated in various wayswithout deviating from the scope of the present disclosure. In someaspects, as described above, the packet (e.g., an awaken packet, anawaken request packet, etc.) may be modulated using variouskeying/modulation techniques, such as frequency shift keying, amplitudeshift keying, phase shift keying, on off keying, quadrature amplitudemodulation, and/or various other types of modulation orkeying/modulation techniques. In some aspects, the on off keying may beconfigured in various ways without deviating from the scope of thepresent disclosure. In some aspects, the on off keying may be configureddifferently based on the rate of data transmission of the packet (e.g.,an awaken packet, an awaken request packet, etc.).

In some aspects, when communication of the packet (e.g., an awakenpacket, an awaken request packet, etc.) is according to a first datarate, an off/off-duration signal(s)/symbol(s) of/for a first duration(e.g., X microseconds) followed by an on/on-duration signal(s)/symbol(s)for a second duration, which may be the same (e.g., X microseconds) asthe first duration (e.g., X microseconds) or different from (e.g., Ymicroseconds) the first duration (e.g., X microseconds), may carry orcorrespond to a first value, and an on/on-duration signal(s)/symbol(s)of/for a first duration (e.g., X microseconds) followed by anoff/off-duration signal(s)/symbol(s) for a second duration, which may bethe same (e.g., X microseconds) as the first duration (e.g., Xmicroseconds) or different (e.g., Y microseconds) from the firstduration (e.g., X microseconds), may carry or correspond to a secondvalue, which may be different from the first value. In some aspects,such on/on-duration signal(s)/symbol(s) may include a null portion and apayload/signal portion. In some aspects, such a null portion may be fora duration that is shorter than the payload/signal portions. Forexample, the null portion may have a duration that is one third (e.g.,X/3 microseconds) of the on/on-duration signal(s)/symbol(s) (Xmicroseconds), and the payload/signal portion may have a duration thatis two thirds (e.g., 2X/3 microseconds) of the on/on-durationsignal(s)/symbol(s) (e.g., X microseconds).

In some aspects, when communication of the packet (e.g., an awakenpacket, an awaken request packet, etc.) is according to a second datarate, two (or more) on/on-duration signal(s)/symbol(s) each orcollectively having a first duration (e.g., A microseconds) followed bytwo (or more) off/off-duration signal(s)/symbol(s) each or collectivelyhaving of/for a second duration (e.g., B microseconds), which may be thesame (e.g., A microseconds) as the first duration (e.g., A microseconds)or different (e.g., B microseconds) from the first duration (e.g., Amicroseconds), may carry or correspond to a first value, and two (ormore) off/off-duration signal(s)/symbol(s) each or collectively having afirst duration (e.g., A microseconds) followed by two (or more)off/off-duration signal(s)/symbol(s) each or collectively having of/fora second duration (e.g., B microseconds), which may be the same (e.g., Amicroseconds) as the first duration (e.g., A microseconds) or different(e.g., B microseconds) from the first duration (e.g., A microseconds),may carry or correspond to a second value. In some aspects, suchon/on-duration signal(s)/symbol(s) may include a null portion and apayload/signal portion. In some aspects, such a null portion may be fora duration that is shorter than the payload/signal portions. Forexample, the null portion may have a duration that is one fourth (e.g.,A/4 microseconds) of the on/on-duration signal(s)/symbol(s) (Amicroseconds), and the payload/signal portion may have a duration thatis three quarters (e.g., 3A/4 microseconds) of the on/on-durationsignal(s)/symbol(s) (e.g., A microseconds).

In some aspects, the first data rate may be less than the second datarate, or the second data rate may be greater than the first data rate.In some aspects, the second data rate may be lower than the first datarate, or the first data rate may be greater than the second date rate.Although various data rates (e.g., first and second data rates) aredescribed herein, in some aspects, a single data rate (e.g., only afirst data rate or only a second data rate) may be sufficient andadditional data rates are not necessarily a requirement of the presentdisclosure, while, in some other aspects, more than a single data rate(e.g., a first data rate and a second data rate) may be required and asingle data rate may not necessarily be sufficient. Therefore, variousimplementations may utilize a single data rate or more than a singledata rate without deviating from the scope of the present disclosure.

In some aspects, a communication/transmission (e.g., packet 320)transmitted by AP 110 and received by STA 120 may not include a fieldthat explicitly indicates a data rate of the transmission/communication(e.g., packet 320). In some aspects, the SS includes information usefulfor an inference (e.g., by STA 120) of a rate of transmission ofinformation in the communication/transmission (e.g. packet 320). In someaspects, STA 120 may infer a first magnitude of the one or more factorswhen the SS includes the first set/structure of data, and infer a secondmagnitude of the one or more factors when the SS includes the secondset/structure of data. In such aspects, the first set/structure of datais different from the second set/structure of data. In such aspects, thefirst magnitude of the one or more factors is higher than the secondmagnitude of the one or more factors, or the second magnitude of the oneor more factors is less than the first magnitude of the one or morefactors. In such aspects, the first set/structure of data of the SS hasa relationship to the second set/structure of data of the SS, or thesecond set/structure of data of the SS has a relationship to the firstset/structure of data of the SS. The second set/structure of data of theSS may be or include a complement of the first set/structure of data ofthe SS.

In some aspects, a quantity of bits of the first set/structure of dataof the SS is a fraction of a quantity of bits of the secondset/structure of data of the SS. In some aspects, the number ofbits/symbols and/or the duration of the first set/structure of data ofthe SS is greater than the number of bits/symbols and/or the duration ofthe second set/structure of data of the SS, or the number ofbits/symbols and/or the duration of the second set/structure of data ofthe SS is less than the number of bits/symbols and/or the duration ofthe first set/structure of data of the SS. In some other aspects, thenumber of bits/symbols and/or the duration of the second set/structureof data of the SS is greater than the number of bits/symbols and/or theduration of the first set/structure of data of the SS, or the number ofbits/symbols and/or the duration of the first set/structure of data ofthe SS is less than the number of bits/symbols and/or the duration ofthe second set/structure of data of the SS.

As mentioned herein, in some aspects, the second data rate may be lowerthan the first data rate, or the first data rate may be greater than thesecond date rate. In some aspects, e.g., when communication of thepacket 320 is according to a particular data rate (e.g., a low datarate, or a single, predetermined data rate), an on (or on-duration)signal may be characterized by having an energy level above a threshold(e.g., threshold energy level), and an off (or off-duration) signal maybe characterized by having an energy level below the threshold (e.g.,threshold energy level). In such aspects, if, during the period of time,STA 120 receives a group that includes at least three signals where aninitial signal is the same as the penultimate signal and the finalsignal of the group comprises an off signal, STA 120 may determine thatthe group of signals received during the period of time corresponds to afirst value. In such aspects, if, during the period of time, STA 120receives a group that includes at least three signals where an initialsignal is the same as the penultimate signal and the final signalincludes an on signal, STA 120 may determine that the group of signalsreceived during the period of time corresponds to a second value, whichmay be different from the first value.

In some aspects, as described above, a received packet (e.g., an awakenpacket, an awaken request packet, etc.) may be modulated in various wayswithout deviating from the scope of the present disclosure. In someaspects, as described above, the packet (e.g., an awaken packet, anawaken request packet, etc.) may be modulated using variouskeying/modulation techniques, such as frequency shift keying, amplitudeshift keying, phase shift keying, on off keying, quadrature amplitudemodulation, and/or various other types of modulation orkeying/modulation techniques. In some aspects, the on off keying may beconfigured in various ways without deviating from the scope of thepresent disclosure. In some aspects, the on off keying may be configureddifferently based on the rate of data transmission of the packet (e.g.,an awaken packet, an awaken request packet, etc.).

In some aspects, when communication of the packet (e.g., an awakenpacket, an awaken request packet, etc.) is according to a second datarate, which may be the same as or different from (e.g., lesser/lowerthan or greater/higher than) the aforementioned first data rate(described above), an apparatus (e.g., STA/AP) may determineinformation, a value, or an information/informational value associatedwith symbols/signals received during a certain period of time. In someaspects, such an apparatus (e.g., STA/AP), when communicating accordingto such second data rate, may determine that the symbols/signalsreceived during such a period of time contains or corresponds to a firstvalue/information/informational-value when/if, during such a period oftime: (1) such apparatus receives/received a group of at least threesignals/symbols comprising no more than two or two or moreon/on-duration signal(s)/symbol(s) (e.g., wherein an on/on-durationsignal/symbol may be characterized by having a detectable energy levelabove a certain threshold) separated by no more than one or more thanone off/off-duration signal(s)/symbol(s) (e.g., wherein anoff/off-duration signal/symbol may be characterized by having adetectable energy level below a certain threshold), and wherein afinal/last symbol/signal of such grouping is/includes/comprises anoff/off-duration signal/symbol; (2) such apparatus receives/received agroup of at least three signals/symbols comprising no more than two ortwo or more off/off-duration signal(s)/symbol(s) separated by no morethan one or more than one on/on-duration signal(s)/symbol(s) and whereina first/initial symbol/signal of such grouping is/includes/comprises anon/on-duration signal/symbol; and/or (3) such apparatusreceives/received a group of at least three signals/symbols wherein aninitial symbol/signal is similar or the same as the penultimatesignal/symbol (e.g., both on/on-durations signals/symbols or bothoff/off-duration symbols/signals) and (i) the last/final symbol is anoff/off-duration symbol/signal and/or (ii) the first/initialsymbol/signal is an on/on-duration signal/symbol. In some aspects, theduration of time associated with each signal/symbol described above isthe same (e.g., each comprises A microseconds). In some aspects, aduration of time associated with each signal/symbol described above isdifferent from one another (e.g., one signal/symbol may have a durationof A microseconds while one (or more) signal(s)/symbol(s) may have aduration of B microseconds).

In some aspects, such an apparatus (e.g., STA/AP), when communicatingaccording to such second data rate, may determine that thesymbols/signals received during such a period of time contains orcorresponds to a second value/information/informational-value, which maybe the same as or different from the aforementioned firstvalue/information/informational-value (described above), when/if, duringsuch a period of time: (1) such apparatus receives/received a group ofat least three signals/symbols comprising no more than two or two ormore on/on-duration signal(s)/symbol(s) (e.g., wherein an on/on-durationsignal/symbol may be characterized by having a detectable energy levelabove a certain threshold) separated by no more than one or more thanone off/off-duration signal(s)/symbol(s) (e.g., wherein anoff/off-duration signal/symbol may be characterized by having adetectable energy level below a certain threshold), and wherein afinal/last symbol/signal of such grouping is/includes/comprises anon/on-duration signal/symbol; (2) such apparatus receives/received agroup of at least three signals/symbols comprising no more than two ortwo or more off/off-duration signal(s)/symbol(s) separated by no morethan one or more than one on/on-duration signal(s)/symbol(s) and whereina first/initial symbol/signal of such grouping is/includes/comprises anoff/off-duration signal/symbol; and/or (3) such apparatusreceives/received a group of at least three signals/symbols wherein aninitial symbol/signal is similar or the same as the penultimatesignal/symbol (e.g., both on/on-durations signals/symbols or bothoff/off-duration symbols/signals) and (i) the last/final symbol is anon/on-duration symbol/signal and/or (ii) the first/initial symbol/signalis an off/off-duration signal/symbol. In some aspects, a duration oftime associated with each signal/symbol described above is differentfrom one another (e.g., one signal/symbol may have a duration of Amicroseconds while one (or more) signal(s)/symbol(s) may have a durationof B microseconds). In some aspects, a duration of time associated witheach signal/symbol described above is similar to or the same as oneanother (e.g., one signal/symbol may have a duration of A microsecondswhile one (or more) signal(s)/symbol(s) may have a duration of exactlyor approximately A microseconds).

In some aspects, the packet 320 may include a preamble. In some aspects,the preamble is communicated using a first bandwidth or a firstfrequency range, and the SS is communicated using a second bandwidth orsecond frequency range. In some aspects, the first bandwidth or firstfrequency range comprises a value or range of values that is greaterthan or a multiple of the second bandwidth or second frequency range. Insome aspects, such multiple comprises a value of X, which may be aninteger greater than one. In some aspects, the first bandwidth orfrequency range comprises a same center frequency as the secondbandwidth or second frequency range.

As described in greater detail herein, in some aspects, an apparatus(e.g., AP and/or STA) may receive/transmit a communication/transmissione.g., a packet, data packet, a frame, a data frame, an awaken packet, anawaken request packet, a request packet, a response packet, an awakenresponse packet, a beacon, and/or any various other suitableencapsulation of information), and such communication/transmission mayinclude field(s), signal(s), bit(s), or portion(s) that includes any oneor more of the various signals, parameters, values, or other indiciadescribed in greater detail herein. In some aspects, such field(s),signal(s), bit(s), or portion(s) may include or be a preamble, a header,a timing management signal, a synchronization value/counter/signal,and/or various other suitable types of information/data, as described ingreater detail herein. In some aspects, the preamble and/or header ofsuch field(s), signal(s), bit(s), or portion(s) may be communicatedusing/in, be included in, or span a first bandwidth or first frequencyrange, and the timing management signal, synchronizationvalue/counter/signal, and/or one or more other portions of suchfield(s), signal(s), bit(s), or portion(s) may be communicated using/in,be included in, or span a second bandwidth or second frequency range. Insome aspects, the first bandwidth or first frequency range comprises avalue or a range of values that is greater than, or a multiple of (e.g.,2×/2-times, 3×/3-times, 4×/4-times, 5×/5-times, 6×/6-times etc.), thesecond bandwidth or second frequency range. In some aspects, the firstbandwidth or first frequency range comprises a same center frequency asthe second bandwidth or second frequency range.

In some aspects, the second bandwidth or second frequency rangecomprises a value or a range of values that is less than, a subset of,or a fraction of (e.g., one-half, one-third, one-fourth, one-fifth,one-sixth, etc.) the second bandwidth or second frequency range. In someaspects, no more than a single timing management signal and/orsynchronization signal (of such field(s), signal(s), bit(s), orportion(s)) spanning, communicated in/using, or included in the secondfrequency range or second bandwidth is communicated with the headerand/or preamble (of such field(s), signal(s), bit(s), or portion(s))spanning, communicated in/using, or included in the first frequencyrange or first bandwidth. In some aspects, at least a portion or some ofthe first bandwidth or first frequency range is included in the secondbandwidth or second frequency range, and at least a portion or some ofthe first bandwidth or first frequency range is not included in thesecond bandwidth or second frequency range. In some aspects, all of thesecond bandwidth or second frequency range is included in or is the sameas the first bandwidth or first frequency range, and not all of thefirst bandwidth or first frequency range is included in or the same asthe second bandwidth or second frequency range.

In some aspects, in response to receiving the packet 320, STA 120 mayinitiate a transition of PR 120 from a low power state/mode, turned offstate or powered down state to a high power, turned on state, or poweredup state. In some aspects, STA 120 may transmit and AP 110 may receive aresponse 330 to the packet 320. STA 120 may transmit the response 330utilizing PR 222, as illustrated in FIG. 3, or SR 224, even though notillustrated in FIG. 3. In some aspects, after transmitting the response330 to the packet 320, AP 110 may transmit and STA 120 may receive amessage 332, which may be communicated in association with theaforementioned response 330. STA 120 may receive the message 332utilizing PR 222, as illustrated in FIG. 3, or SR 224, even though notillustrated in FIG. 3. In some aspects, in response to receiving themessage 332, AP 110 may initiate a transition from operating accordingto a mode/state wherein SR 224 is in a high power state/mode, turned on,or powered up to operating according to a mode/state wherein SR 224 isin a low power state/mode, turned off, or powered down. In some aspects,if/after STA 120 transmits the response 330 (e.g., using PR 222 and/orSR 224) to the packet 320 to AP 110 and if/after STA 120 receives apacket (e.g., message 332) associated with the transmitted response 330,STA 120 may initiate a transition of SR 224 from a high powerstate/mode, a turned on state, or a powered up state to a low powerstate/mode, a turned off state, or a powered down state.

In some aspects, an apparatus (e.g., AP and/or STA) having aprimary/main radio/receiver and/or secondary receiver may be configuredto, maintain in a same/similar power/operation mode/state,turn-on/power-up, and/or turn-off/power-down one or more suchradio/receivers based on various conditions, parameters, factors,thresholds, and other suitable aspects. In some aspects, such anapparatus may be configured to operate in or according to the firstmode/state/configuration described above (in which its primary/mainradio/receiver may be/operate in an on/high-/higher-/active powermode/state/configuration and its secondary radio/receiver may be/operatein an off/low-/lower-/inactive/doze power mode/state/configuration). Insome aspects, such an apparatus may be configured to operate in oraccording to the third mode/state/configuration described above (inwhich its primary/main radio/receiver may be/operate in anoff/low-/lower-/inactive/doze power mode/state/configuration and itssecondary radio/receiver may be/operate in an (e.g.,always/continuously) on/high-/higher-/active powermode/state/configuration). In some aspects, such an apparatus may beconfigured to operate in or according to a fifthmode/state/configuration in which its primary/main receiver/radiois/operates in an on/high-/higher-/active power mode/state/configurationwhile its secondary radio/receiver is/operates in anon/high-/higher-/active power mode/state/configuration. In some aspects,such an apparatus may be configured to operate in or according to asixth mode/state/configuration in which its primary/main receiver/radiois switching, or at least transitioning, from being/operating in anoff/low-/lower-/inactive/doze power mode/state/configuration tobeing/operating in an on/high-/higher-/active powermode/state/configuration while its secondary radio/receiver is/operatesin an on/high-/higher-/active power mode/state/configuration.

In some aspects, such an apparatus may be configured tocommunicate/receive a packet/frame (e.g., an awaken packet, a requestpacket, or awaken request packet, as described in greater detail herein)while such an apparatus is operating in or according to the thirdmode/state/configuration described above (in which its primary/mainradio/receiver may be/operate in an off/low-/lower-/inactive/doze powermode/state/configuration and its secondary radio/receiver may be/operatein an (e.g., always/continuously) on/high-/higher-/active powermode/state/configuration). In some aspects, after, in response to,and/or in association with receiving such a packet (e.g., an awakenpacket, a request packet, or awaken request packet, as described ingreater detail herein), such an apparatus may be configured to switch,or at least initiate a transition, from (1) operating in or according tothe third mode/state/configuration described above (in which itsprimary/main radio/receiver may be/operate in anoff/low-/lower-/inactive/doze power mode/state/configuration and itssecondary radio/receiver may be/operate in an (e.g.,always/continuously) on/high-/higher-/active powermode/state/configuration) to (2) operating in or according to the fifthmode/state/configuration described above (in which its primary/mainreceiver/radio is/operates in an on/high-/higher-/active powermode/state/configuration while its secondary radio/receiver is/operatesin an on/high-/higher-/active power mode/state/configuration) and/or thesixth mode/state/configuration described above (in which itsprimary/main receiver/radio is switching, or at least transitioning,from being/operating in an off/low-/lower-/inactive/doze powermode/state/configuration to being/operating in anon/high-/higher-/active power mode/state/configuration while itssecondary radio/receiver is/operates in an on/high-/higher-/active powermode/state/configuration). In some aspects, such an apparatus may beconfigured to, after, in response to, and/or in association withreceiving such a packet (e.g., an awaken packet, a request packet, orawaken request packet, as described in greater detail herein), maintainits secondary receiver/radio in a same/similar power/operationmode/state/configuration (e.g., in the on/high-/higher-/active powermode/state/configuration). In some aspects, such an apparatus may beconfigured to, after, in response to, and/or in association withreceiving such a packet (e.g., an awaken packet, a request packet, orawaken request packet, as described in greater detail herein), switch,or at least initiate a transition, its primary/main radio from anoff/low-/lower-/inactive/doze power mode/state/configuration to anon/high-/higher-/active power mode/state/configuration.

In some aspects, such an apparatus may be configured tocommunicate/transmit a response to such packet/frame (e.g., suchresponse to such packet/frame being a response packet or awaken responsepacket, as described in greater detail herein) while operating in oraccording to the fifth mode/state/configuration described above (inwhich its primary/main receiver/radio is/operates in anon/high-/higher-/active power mode/state/configuration while itssecondary radio/receiver is/operates in an on/high-/higher-/active powermode/state/configuration) and/or the sixth mode/state/configurationdescribed above (in which its primary/main receiver/radio is switching,or at least transitioning, from being/operating in anoff/low-/lower-/inactive/doze power mode/state/configuration tobeing/operating in an on/high-/higher-/active powermode/state/configuration while its secondary radio/receiver is/operatesin an on/high-/higher-/active power mode/state/configuration). In someaspects, such an apparatus may be configured to (e.g.,after/subsequent-to, in response to, and/or in association withcommunicating/transmitting a response to such packet/frame (e.g., suchresponse to such packet/frame being a response packet or awaken responsepacket, as described in greater detail herein)) communicate/receive aresponse acknowledgement message (e.g., an acknowledgement messagetransmitted from another apparatus indicating whether the aforementionedresponse to the aforementioned frame/packet (e.g., such response to suchpacket/frame being a response packet or awaken response packet, asdescribed in greater detail herein)) while operating in or according tothe fifth mode/state/configuration described above (in which itsprimary/main receiver/radio is/operates in an on/high-/higher-/activepower mode/state/configuration while its secondary radio/receiveris/operates in an on/high-/higher-/active powermode/state/configuration) and/or the sixth mode/state/configurationdescribed above (in which its primary/main receiver/radio is switching,or at least transitioning, from being/operating in anoff/low-/lower-/inactive/doze power mode/state/configuration tobeing/operating in an on/high-/higher-/active powermode/state/configuration while its secondary radio/receiver is/operatesin an on/high-/higher-/active power mode/state/configuration).

In some aspects, such apparatus may be configured to, after, in responseto, and/or in association with communicating/receiving a responseacknowledgement message (e.g., an acknowledgement message transmittedfrom another apparatus indicating whether the aforementioned response tothe aforementioned frame/packet (e.g., such response to suchpacket/frame being a response packet or awaken response packet, asdescribed in greater detail herein)), switch, or at least initiate atransition, from (1) operating in or according to the fifthmode/state/configuration described above (in which its primary/mainreceiver/radio is/operates in an on/high-/higher-/active powermode/state/configuration while its secondary radio/receiver is/operatesin an on/high-/higher-/active power mode/state/configuration) and/or thesixth mode/state/configuration described above (in which itsprimary/main receiver/radio is switching, or at least transitioning,from being/operating in an off/low-/lower-/inactive/doze powermode/state/configuration to being/operating in anon/high-/higher-/active power mode/state/configuration while itssecondary radio/receiver is/operates in an on/high-/higher-/active powermode/state/configuration) to (2) operating in or according to the firstmode/state/configuration described above (in which its primary/mainradio/receiver may be/operate in an on/high-/higher-/active powermode/state/configuration and its secondary radio/receiver may be/operatein an off/low-/lower-/inactive/doze power mode/state/configuration). Insome aspects, such apparatus may be configured to, after, in responseto, and/or in association with communicating/receiving a responseacknowledgement message (e.g., an acknowledgement message transmittedfrom another apparatus indicating whether the aforementioned response tothe aforementioned frame/packet (e.g., such response to suchpacket/frame being a response packet or awaken response packet, asdescribed in greater detail herein)), maintain its primary/mainreceiver/radio in a same/similar power/operationmode/state/configuration (e.g., is/in an on/high-/higher-/active powermode/state/configuration). In some aspects, such apparatus may beconfigured to, after in response to, and/or in association withcommunicating/receiving a response acknowledgement message (e.g., anacknowledgement message transmitted from another apparatus indicatingwhether the aforementioned response to the aforementioned frame/packet(e.g., such response to such packet/frame being a response packet orawaken response packet, as described in greater detail herein)), switch,or at least initiate a transition, from being or operating according toan on/high-/higher-/active power mode/state/configuration tobeing/operating in an off/low-/lower-/inactive/doze powermode/state/configuration.

In some aspects, such an apparatus may be configured to (e.g., afterreceiving the aforementioned packet/frame (e.g., an awaken packet, arequest packet, or awaken request packet, as described in greater detailherein) (e.g., by its secondary radio/receiver and/or while itssecondary radio/receiver is in an on/high-/higher-/active powermode/state/configuration) switch, or at least initiate a transition, itssecondary radio/receiver from an on/high-/higher-/active powermode/state/configuration to an off/low-/lower-/inactive/doze powermode/state/configurationif/only-if/when/only-when/after/only-after-if/only-after (1) at leastone frame/packet (e.g., the aforementioned response to theaforementioned frame/packet (e.g., such response to such packet/framebeing a response packet or awaken response packet, as described ingreater detail herein) is communicated/transmitted to another apparatusand (2) at least one frame/packet associated with thatcommunicated/transmitted packet/frame (e.g., such at least oneframe/packet associated with that communicated/transmitted packet/framebeing a response acknowledgement message (e.g., an acknowledgementmessage transmitted from another apparatus indicating whether theaforementioned response to the aforementioned frame/packet)) iscommunicated/received.

In some aspects, after AP 110 transmits the packet 320, AP 110 maydetermine whether the transmission was successful based on whether AP110 receives a response 330 to the transmitted packet 320 during apredetermined period of time after the transmission (e.g., during a timeperiod between time T₆ and time T₉). In some aspects, AP 110 maydetermine that the transmission was unsuccessful if no response to thepacket 320 is received (e.g., by time T₉), and/or may determine that thetransmission was successful if a response to the packet 320 was received(e.g., by time T₉).

In some aspects, an apparatus/transmitter (e.g., AP) that transmits anawaken request packet may determine whether such transmission wassuccessful based on whether it receives any (e.g., at least one) packets(e.g., awaken response packets) after, in response to, and/or inassociation with the transmitted awaken request packet during aperiod/duration (e.g., preset, predetermined, variable) of time aftertransmitting the awaken request packet. In some aspects, if theapparatus/transmitter (e.g., AP) receives any (e.g., at least one)packets (e.g., awaken response packet(s)) after, in response to, and/orin association with transmission of the awaken request packet, then theapparatus/transmitter (e.g., AP) may determine that the transmission ofthe awaken request packet was successful. In some aspects, if theapparatus/transmitter (e.g., AP) receives no packets (e.g., awakenresponse packets) After, in response to, and/or in association withtransmission of the awaken request packet, then theapparatus/transmitter (e.g., AP) may determine that the transmission ofthe awaken request packet was unsuccessful.

In some aspects, an apparatus/receiver (e.g., STA(s)) may alter, adjust,or otherwise change its state, mode, or other configuration based on itssuccess in receiving a packet (e.g., awaken request packet), and/orbased on its success in transmitting a packet (e.g., awaken responsepacket) after, in response to, and/or in association with receivinganother packet (e.g., awaken request packet), during a duration/period(e.g., preset, predetermined, variable, etc.) of time after receivingthe that packet (e.g., awaken request packet), and/or within a period oftime after initiating/completing an awaken procedure (as describedherein). A state, mode, or other configuration may refer to or includethe radio/antenna utilized by the apparatus/receiver (e.g., STA(s)), thepower state or relative power utilization by the apparatus/receiver(e.g., STA(s)) or any of its antenna(s)/receiver(s), and/or any othersuitable aspects of the apparatus/receiver (e.g., STA(s)), or asotherwise described herein.

In some aspects, a mode/state/configuration may be a relativelyhigh-/higher-power mode/state/configuration of operation, and anothermode/state/configuration may be a relatively lower-powermode/state/configuration of operation. In some aspects, theapparatus/receiver (e.g., STA(s)) may alter, adjust, or otherwise changeits state, mode, or other configuration, if/when the apparatus/receiver(e.g., STA(s)) is unsuccessful in receiving any/all packets (e.g.,awaken request packets), and/or is unsuccessful in transmitting any/allpackets (e.g., awaken response packets) after, in response to, and/or inassociation with receiving another packet (e.g., awaken request packet),e.g., during a period/duration (e.g., preset, predetermined, variable,etc.) of time after receiving such packet (e.g., awaken request packet),and/or within a period of time after initiating/completing an awakenprocedure (as described herein).

In some aspects, as described in greater detail herein, AP 110 maytransmit and STA 120 may (e.g., using SR 224) receive the packet 320while PR 222 is in a low power state/mode, a turned off state, or in alow power state/mode. In some aspects, the received packet 320 includesa field that indicates a version value. In some aspects, STA 120 may doone or more of the following: (A) use the version value to determinewhether settings or parameters associated with a basic service set (BSS) are up-to-date or current; (B) use the version value to determinewhether to update settings or parameters associated with the BSS; and/or(C) compare the version value (included in the received packet 320) witha previously received version value and, based on the comparison, todetermine whether to perform an operation to update the settings orparameters associated with the BSS.

In some aspects, the settings or parameters associated with the BSS mayaffect communications using at least one of PR 222 or SR 224. In someaspects, in response to receiving the version value, and/or based on anyone or more of the aforementioned (A), (B), and/or (C), STA 120 maydetermine to perform an operation to update such parameters or settingsassociated with the BSS. In some aspects, the operation to update thesettings or parameters of the BSS includes STA 120 awakening PR 222. Insome aspect, the operation to update the settings or parameters of theBSS includes STA 120 communicating a request to AP 110 and subsequentlyreceiving a response from AP 110.

In some aspects, an apparatus (e.g. AP) may transmit and anotherapparatus (e.g., STA) may receive a packet, frame, beacon, or otherinformation comprising various field. In some aspects, non-limitingexamples of such packet, frame, beacon, or other information may includean awaken packet, an awaken request packet, an awaken beacon, or variousother suitable forms of data/information. In some aspects, such receivedpacket, frame, beacon, or other information may be received by theprimary/main radio/receiver of the other apparatus (e.g., STA) (e.g.,while the secondary/awaken radio/receiver of the other apparatus (e.g.,STA) is turned off or in a low power state). In some aspects, suchreceived packet, frame, beacon, or other information may be received bythe secondary/awaken radio/receiver of the other apparatus (e.g., STA)(e.g., while the main/primary radio/receiver of the other apparatus(STA) is turned off or in low power state). In some aspects, suchreceived packet, frame, beacon, or other information may include afield, value, counter, indicator, or number of bits that indicates aversion/modification/alteration/synchronization/counter/changenumber/indicia/value. In some aspects, the other apparatus (e.g., STA)may utilize such version/modification/alteration/synchronization/counter/change number/indicia/value to determine whetherinformation/settings/parameters associated with the basic service set(e.g., with which the apparatus(es) (e.g., AP and/or STA) is/areassociated) (e.g., as stored in/by the other apparatus (e.g., STA)) areupdated/up-to-date/current and/or whether to update suchinformation/settings/parameters associated with the basic service set(e.g., with which the apparatus(es) (e.g., AP and/or STA) is/areassociated) (e.g., as stored in/by the other apparatus (e.g., STA)). Insome aspects, the other apparatus (e.g., STA) may compare such receivedversion/modification/alteration/synchronization/counter/changenumber/indicia/value with a stored or another previously receivedversion/modification/alteration/synchronization/counter/changenumber/indicia/value and, based on such comparison, determine whether toperform an operation to update such information/settings/parametersassociated with the basic service set (e.g., with which theapparatus(es) (e.g., AP and/or STA) is/are associated) (e.g., as storedin/by the other apparatus (e.g., STA)). In some aspects, suchinformation/settings/parameters associated with the basic service setmay impact/affect communications by/using the primary/mainreceiver/radio of the apparatus (e.g., STA)). In some aspects, suchinformation/settings/parameters associated with the basic service setmay impact/affect communications by/using the secondary/awakenreceiver/radio of the apparatus (e.g., STA).

After, in response to, and/or in association with receiving theaforementioned information(version/modification/alteration/synchronization/counter/changenumber/indicia/value), or in association with or based upon theaforementioned comparison (comparison of such receivedversion/modification/alteration/synchronization/counter/changenumber/indicia/valuewith a stored or another previously receivedversion/modification/alteration/synchronization/counter/changenumber/indicia/value) (e.g., as stored in/by the other apparatus (e.g.,STA)) or any of the aforementioned determinations (e.g., (i) determiningwhether information/settings/parameters associated with the basicservice set (e.g., with which the apparatus(es) (e.g., AP and/or STA)is/are associated) (e.g., as stored in/by the other apparatus (e.g.,STA)) are updated/up-to-date/current), (ii) determining whether toupdate such information/settings/parameters associated with the basicservice set (e.g., with which the apparatus(es) (e.g., AP and/or STA)is/are associated) (e.g., as stored in/by the other apparatus (e.g.,STA)), (iii) or determine whether to perform an operation to update suchinformation/settings/parameters associated with the basic service set(e.g., with which the apparatus(es) (e.g., AP and/or STA) is/areassociated), the apparatus (e.g., STA) may make a determination.

In some aspects, such a determination is that no further action isrequired in relation to the information/settings/parameters associatedwith the basic service set (e.g., when theinformation/settings/parameters associated with the basic service set isup-to-date). In some actions, such a determination is to perform anoperation to update such information/settings/parameters associated withthe basic service set (e.g., when the information/settings/parametersassociated with the basic service set is not up-to-date). In someaspects, such an operation to update suchinformation/settings/parameters associated with the basic service setmay be for the apparatus (e.g., STA) to awaken or enter into a high(er)power state (e.g., with respect to its primary/main radio). In someaspects, such an operation to update suchinformation/settings/parameters associated with the basic service setmay be for the apparatus (e.g., STA) to update/change its storedversion/modification/alteration/synchronization/counter/changenumber/indicia/value based on the receivedversion/modification/alteration/synchronization/counter/changenumber/indicia/value. In some aspects, such an operation to update suchinformation/settings/parameters associated with the basic service setmay be for the apparatus (e.g., STA) to communicate a request (e.g.,probe request) to another apparatus (e.g., AP) and/or subsequentlyreceive a response (e.g., probe response) after, in response to, and/orin association with its request (e.g., probe request). In some aspects,the response to its request may include updatedinformation/settings/parameters associated with the basic service. Insome aspects, such an operation to update suchinformation/settings/parameters associated with the basic service setmay be for the apparatus (e.g., STA) to awaken the primary/mainreceiver/radio to decode/process/obtain information contained in atleast a portion of the aforementioned received packet, frame, beacon, orother information.

In some aspects, the packet 320 includes a counter or counter value. Insome aspects, the counter or counter value is regarding an availabilityof an updated value for one or more parameters of a BSS (e.g., with/towhich the apparatus is associated). In some aspects, the counter orcounter value is regarding whether an updated value for one or moreparameters of a BSS (with/to which the apparatus is associated) isavailable for STA 120. In some aspects, STA 120 is configured to utilizethe counter or counter value to determine whether an updated value forone or more parameters of a BSS (with/to which the apparatus isassociated) is available.

In accordance with many aspects described herein, STA 120 may beconfigured to operate according to any one or more of the followingconfigurations: (1) a first configuration in which PR 222 operates in ahigh/active power state/mode (e.g., a continuous high/active powerstate/mode) while its SR 224 operates in a low/doze power state/mode;(2) a second configuration in which PR 222 alternates between a periodof operating in a high/active power state/mode and a period of operatingin a low/doze power state/mode according to a duty cycle or periodicitywhile its SR 224 operates in a low/doze power state/mode; (3) a thirdconfiguration in which PR 222 operates in a low/doze power state/modeand SR 224 operates in a high/active power (e.g., a continuoushigh/active power state/mode); and/or (4) a fourth configuration inwhich PR 222 operates in a low/doze power mode and SR 224 alternatesbetween a period of operating in a high/active power mode followed by aperiod of operating in a low/doze power mode according to a duty cycleor periodicity.

In some aspects, STA 120 may use PR 222 and/or SR 224 to receive asignal from AP 110 and transition between any two (or more) of the fouraforementioned configurations (listed above as (1) through (4)) after orbased on a signal received from AP 110. In some aspects, as described ingreater detail herein, STA 120 may use SR 224 to receive the packet 320and, in response to receiving the packet 320, alter a mode of PR 222from a low/doze power mode to a high/active power mode. In some aspects,STA 120 may transition from the first configuration (see (1) above) orthe second configuration (see (2) above) to the third configuration (see(3) above) or the fourth configuration (see (4) above), if/when theapparatus determines that a buffer of a transmitting device (e.g., AP110) with which STA 120 intends to communicate does not have a frame orpacket addressed to it.

In some aspects, an apparatus (e.g., STA/AP) may operate in variousmodes/states/configurations without deviating from the scope of thepresent disclosure. In some aspects, the apparatus may be/operate in afirst mode/state/configuration in which its primary/main radio/receivermay be/operate in an on/high-/higher-/active powermode/state/configuration and its secondary radio/receiver may be/operatein an off/low-/lower-/inactive/doze power mode/state/configuration. Insome aspects, the apparatus may be/operate in a secondmode/state/configuration in which its primary/main radio/receiver maycycle/alternate/vary between a period/duration of being/operating in anon/high-/higher-/active power mode/state/configuration and/followed by aperiod/duration of being/operating in an off/low-/lower-/inactive/dozepower mode/state/configuration (or vice versa), e.g., according to aduty cycle, schedule, frequency, or periodicity and its secondaryradio/receiver may be/operate in an off/low-/lower-/inactive/doze powermode/state/configuration.

In some aspects, the apparatus may be/operate in a thirdmode/state/configuration in which its primary/main radio/receiver maybe/operate in an off/low-/lower-/inactive/doze powermode/state/configuration and its secondary radio/receiver may be/operatein an always/continuously on/high-/higher-/active powermode/state/configuration. In some aspects, the apparatus may be/operatein a fourth mode/state/configuration in which its primary/mainradio/receiver may be/operate in an off/low-/lower-/inactive/doze powermode/state/configuration and its secondary radio/receiver maycycle/alternate between a period of being/operating in anon/high-/higher-/active power mode/state/configuration followed by aperiod of being/operating in an off/low-/lower-/inactive/doze powermode/state/configuration (or vice versa), e.g., according to a dutycycle, schedule, frequency, or periodicity.

The apparatus may transition between any two or more of themodes/states/configurations described herein, e.g., upon/after/based ona signal or power-related indicator/indicia/information/parameter/fieldreceived from another apparatus (e.g., AP/STA), possibly using theprimary/main receiver/radio and/or using the secondary receiver/radiofrom another apparatus (e.g., AP/STA). In some aspects, the apparatus(e.g., STA/AP) may use the main/primary receiver/radio to receive theawaken request packet (described herein) and/or transmit the awakenresponse packet (described herein). In some aspects, the apparatus usesthe secondary receiver/radio to receive the awaken request packet(described herein) and/or transmit the awaken response packet (describedherein). In some aspects, after, in response to, and/or in associationwith receiving the awaken request packet, the apparatus mayturn-on/activate/enable/power-increase or otherwise alter amode/state/configuration of the main/primary receiver/radio from alow-/lower-/inactive/off/doze powerstate/mode/configuration/configuration to a high-/higher-/active/onpower state/mode/configuration/configuration. In some aspects, after, inresponse to, and/or in association with receiving the awaken requestpacket, the apparatus may turn-on/activate/enable/power-increase orotherwise alter a mode/state/configuration of the secondaryreceiver/radio from a low-/lower-/inactive/off/doze powerstate/mode/configuration to a high-/higher-/active/on powerstate/mode/configuration.

In some aspects, a (receiving) apparatus (e.g., STA/AP) maytransition/change to the third mode/state/configuration (as describedherein) or the fourth mode/state/configuration described above (in whichits primary/main radio/receiver may be/operate in anoff/low-/lower-/inactive/doze power mode/state/configuration and itssecondary radio/receiver may cycle/alternate between a period ofbeing/operating in an on/high-/higher-/active powermode/state/configuration followed by a period of being/operating in anoff/low-/lower-/inactive/doze power mode/state/configuration (or viceversa), e.g., according to a duty cycle, schedule, frequency, orperiodicity), e.g., from the first mode/state/configuration describedabove (in which its primary/main radio/receiver may be/operate in anon/high-/higher-/active power mode/state/configuration and its secondaryradio/receiver may be/operate in an off/low-/lower-/inactive/doze powermode/state/configuration) or from the second mode/state/configurationdescribed above (in which its primary/main radio/receiver maycycle/alternate/vary between a period/duration of being/operating in anon/high-/higher-/active power mode/state/configuration and/followed by aperiod/duration of being/operating in an off/low-/lower-/inactive/dozepower mode/state/configuration (or vice versa), e.g., according to aduty cycle, schedule, frequency, or periodicity and its secondaryradio/receiver may be/operate in an off/low-/lower-/inactive/doze powermode/state/configuration), when/if or only if/when (i) that (receiving)apparatus determines that a buffer of another (transmitting) apparatus(e.g., AP/STA) with which it is/intends/destined to communicate is emptyor does not have a packet/frame addressed to that (receiving) apparatusand/or (ii) the (receiving) apparatus determines that a (transmission)buffer of that (receiving) apparatus is empty or does not have apacket/frame addressed to that other (transmitting) apparatus.

In some aspects, STA 120 may be configured to forgo listening for one ormore beacons when either (i) PR 222 is alternating between a period ofoperating in a high/higher/active power state/mode followed by a periodof operating in an off/low/lower/doze power state/mode, or (ii) PR 222is operating (e.g., at least partially) according to the secondconfiguration (see (2) above). In some aspects, if (i) SR 224 isoperating in (e.g., a continuous) high/higher/active power mode/state,or (ii) SR 224 is operating (e.g., at least partially) according to thethird configuration (see (3) above), then STA 120 may forgo listeningfor one or more beacons when PR 222 is either (i) alternating between aperiod of operating in an on/high/higher/active power mode/statefollowed by a period of operating in an off/low/lower/doze powerstate/mode, or (ii) operating (e.g., at least partially) according tothe second configuration (see (2) above).

In some aspects, if (i) SR 224 is alternating between a period ofoperating in an on/high/higher/active power mode/state followed by aperiod of operating in an off/low/lower/doze power state/mode, or (ii)SR 224 is operating (e.g., at least partially) according to the fourthconfiguration (see (4) above), then STA 120 may forgo listening for oneor more beacons when PR 222 is either (i) alternating between a periodof operating in an on/high/higher/active power mode/state followed by aperiod of operating in an off/low/lower/doze power state/mode, or (ii)operating (e.g., at least partially) according to the secondconfiguration (see (2) above). In some aspects, if (i) the STA 120 isoperating according to a state/mode in which PR 222 operates in alow/lower/doze power state/mode and SR 124 operates in ahigh/higher/active power state/mode or (ii) the STA 120 is operatingaccording to the third configuration (see (3) above), STA 120 may beconfigured to hold or suspend one or more service periods previouslynegotiated between the apparatus and AP 110. In some aspects, whereinSTA 120 may be configured to operate according to a fifth mode, whereinone or more negotiated parameters/settings for communication using SR224 is/are suspending while SR 224 is enabled to power down, turn off,or otherwise enter into a low/doze power state/mode.

In some aspects, if/when/while its main/primary antenna/receiver and/orits secondary antenna/receiver is operating in or according to (i) thethird mode/state/configuration described above (in which itsprimary/main radio/receiver may be/operate in anoff/low-/lower-/inactive/doze power mode/state/configuration and itssecondary radio/receiver may be/operate in an (e.g.,always/continuously) on/high-/higher-/active powermode/state/configuration) and/or (ii) the (above-described) fourthmode/state/configuration (in which its primary/main radio/receiver maybe/operate in an off/low-/lower-/inactive/doze powermode/state/configuration and/or its secondary radio/receiver maycycle/alternate between a period of being/operating in anon/high-/higher-/active power mode/state/configuration followed by aperiod of being/operating in an off/low-/lower-/inactive/doze powermode/state/configuration (or vice versa), e.g., according to a dutycycle, schedule, frequency, or periodicity), the apparatus (e.g., STA)may use/operate/configure its secondary radio/receiver according to aduty cycle, schedule, frequency, or periodicity, e.g., which may havebeen previously negotiated between the apparatus (e.g., STA) and anotherapparatus (e.g., AP), e.g., if/when/provided the apparatus (e.g., STA)or its primary/main antenna/receiver is operating in or according to anoff/low-/lower-/inactive/doze power mode/state/configuration.

In some aspects, if/when/while operating its primary/main radio/receiverand/or its secondary antenna/receiver in or according to (i) the thirdmode/state/configuration described above (in which its primary/mainradio/receiver may be/operate in an off/low-/lower-/inactive/doze powermode/state/configuration and its secondary radio/receiver may be/operatein an (e.g., always/continuously) on/high-/higher-/active powermode/state/configuration) and/or (ii) the (above-described) fourthmode/state/configuration (in which its primary/main radio/receiver maybe/operate in an off/low-/lower-/inactive/doze powermode/state/configuration and/or its secondary radio/receiver maycycle/alternate between a period of being/operating in anon/high-/higher-/active power mode/state/configuration followed by aperiod of being/operating in an off/low-/lower-/inactive/doze powermode/state/configuration (or vice versa), e.g., according to a dutycycle, schedule, frequency, or periodicity), the apparatus (e.g., STA)may refrain/avoid/elect-to-not/forego/not utilize its primary/mainantenna/receiver and/or its secondary antenna/receiver toreceive/listen-for one or more packets, frames, and/or beacons, e.g.,if/when the apparatus (e.g., STA) or its primary/main antenna/receiveris/are operating in or according to the second mode/state/configurationdescribed above (in which its primary/main radio/receiver maycycle/alternate/vary between a period/duration of being/operating in anon/high-/higher-/active power mode/state/configuration and/followed by aperiod/duration of being/operating in an off/low-/lower-/inactive/dozepower mode/state/configuration (or vice versa), e.g., according to aduty cycle, schedule, frequency, or periodicity and its secondaryradio/receiver may be/operate in an off/low-/lower-/inactive/doze powermode/state/configuration) or the third mode/state/configurationdescribed above (in which its primary/main radio/receiver may be/operatein an off/low-/lower-/inactive/doze power mode/state/configuration andits secondary radio/receiver may be/operate in an (e.g.,always/continuously) on/high-/higher-/active powermode/state/configuration).

As described in greater detail herein, in some aspects, an apparatus(e.g., STA/AP) may operate in various modes/states/configurationswithout deviating from the scope of the present disclosure. In someaspects, if/when an apparatus (e.g., STA/AP) operates according to theaforementioned third mode/state/configuration (in which its primary/mainradio/receiver may be/operate in an off/low-/lower-/inactive/doze powermode/state/configuration and its secondary radio/receiver may be/operatein an on/high-/higher-/active power mode/state/configuration), thesecondary radio/receiver of the apparatus may operate according to afirst state/mode/configuration (in which the secondary radio/receiver ispowered on/up (e.g., operating/operated according to a high/higher powerstate) and/or enabled to receive and/or transmit frames/packets (e.g.,awaken request packets, awaken packets, awaken request response packets,and any other packets or encapsulations of data/information)) and/or ina second state/mode configuration (in which the secondary radio/receiveris powered off/down (e.g., operating/operated according to a low/lowerpower state) and/or unable to receive and/or transmit frames/packets(e.g., awaken request packets, awaken packets, awaken request responsepackets, and any other packets or encapsulations of data/information)).

In some aspects, if/when an apparatus (e.g., STA/AP) operates accordingto the aforementioned third mode/state/configuration (in which itsprimary/main radio/receiver may be/operate in anoff/low-/lower-/inactive/doze power mode/state/configuration and itssecondary radio/receiver may be/operate in an on/high-/higher-/activepower mode/state/configuration), the apparatus (e.g., STA) may beconfigured to inactivate, hold, stop, suspend, or otherwise notmaintain/implement one or more communication aspects/windows (e.g., oneor more service periods previously negotiated between the apparatus(e.g., (STA) and another apparatus (e.g., AP/another-STA)).

In some aspects, the apparatus (e.g., STA) may be configured to operateaccording to a seventh mode/state/configuration, in which the secondaryradio/receive operates according to the aforementioned secondstate/mode/configuration (in which the secondary radio/receiver ispowered off/down (e.g., operating/operated according to a low/lowerpower state) and/or unable to receive and/or transmit frames/packets(e.g., awaken request packets, awaken packets, awaken request responsepackets, and any other packets or encapsulations of data/information))and/or the apparatus (e.g., STA) may be configured to activate, nothold, not stop, not suspend, or otherwise maintain/implement one or morecommunication aspects/windows (e.g., one or more service periodspreviously negotiated between the apparatus (e.g., STA) and anotherapparatus (e.g., AP/another-STA)).

In some aspects, an apparatus (e.g., AP and/or STA) may at some timesoperate in accordance with a mode different from the aforementionedmode(s)/state(s). In some aspects, operation in accordance with such amode by such an apparatus may includemaintaining/holding/suspending/storing/retaining one or more negotiatedparameters/settings/configurations for communication using at least oneof the radios/receivers (e.g., the primary/main radio/receiver and/orsecondary radio/receiver) of such an apparatus while/andpermitting/enabling at least one of the radios/receivers (e.g., thatsame radio/receiver, the primary/main radio/receiver, and/or secondaryradio/receiver) to turn-off, power-down, or otherwise operate inaccordance with another state/mode (e.g., a relatively lowerstate/mode). In some aspects, operation in accordance with such a modeby such an apparatus may additionally or alternatively includemaintaining/not-suspending communication using at least one of theradios/receivers (e.g., the primary/main radio/receiver and/or secondaryradio/receiver) of such an apparatus without a change in the mode/statein relation to communication by that radio(s)/receiver(s).

In some aspects, an apparatus (e.g., AP) may determine a communicationchannel associated with operation by another apparatus (e.g., STA) (1)in a mode (e.g., awaken mode), e.g., a mode that utilizes asecondary/awaken radio/receiver, which may be different from itsmain/primary radio/receiver to communicate certain information, or (2)for communication (e.g., of data/information) using its secondary/awakenradio/receiver, which may be different from its main/primaryradio/receiver. In some aspects, one apparatus (e.g., AP) may transmitand another apparatus (e.g., STA) may receive a beacon, packet, frame orother information indicating a communication channel for use/operationby the other apparatus (e.g., STA), and the other apparatus (e.g., STA)may modify, maintain, switch, or select a communication channel foruse/operation by the secondary/awaken radio of the other apparatus(e.g., STA) based on such received beacon, packet, frame or otherinformation. In some aspects, one apparatus (e.g., AP) may determinewhich/a communication channel the other apparatus (e.g., receivingapparatus) to select for the other apparatus (e.g., STA) foroperation/use by its secondary/awaken radio/receiver based on a/thecommunication channel that the other apparatus (e.g., STA) does/willuse/operate for communication(s) by its primary/main radio/receiver. Insome aspects, one apparatus (e.g., AP) may select a/the communicationchannel for the other apparatus' (e.g., STA's) secondary/awakenradio/receiver such that it differs from a/the communication channel forthe other apparatus' (e.g., STA's) main/primary radio/receiver, e.g.,when/if the frequency/band/parameters utilized by the other apparatus(e.g., STA) correspond to or may be utilized in accordance with dynamicfrequency selection.

As described in greater detail herein, in some aspects, acommunication/transmission (e.g., a packet, data packet, a frame, a dataframe, an awaken packet, an awaken request packet, a request packet, aresponse packet, an awaken response packet, a beacon, and/or any variousother suitable encapsulation of information) and/or any one or more ofits field(s), signal(s), bit(s), or portion(s)) may be configured toinclude various fields or information. In some aspects, suchfields/information may include information indicating a time by whichone or more receivers of the (respective) a communication/transmission(e.g., a packet, data packet, a frame, a data frame, an awaken packet,an awaken request packet, a request packet, a response packet, an awakenresponse packet, a beacon, and/or any various other suitableencapsulation of information) shall finish an awaken procedure thattransitions that/those receiver(s), or any one or more of itsreceiver(s)/radio(s), from a low-power state to a high power state. Insome aspects, an apparatus (e.g., receiver/recipient) of thecommunication/transmission (e.g., a packet, data packet, a frame, a dataframe, an awaken packet, an awaken request packet, a request packet, aresponse packet, an awaken response packet, a beacon, and/or any variousother suitable encapsulation of information) may determine when (e.g., aspecific time, perhaps in relation to the time of receiving thecommunication/transmission (e.g., a packet, data packet, a frame, a dataframe, an awaken packet, an awaken request packet, a request packet, aresponse packet, an awaken response packet, a beacon, and/or any variousother suitable encapsulation of information)) (i) to perform an awakenprocedure, (ii) to complete an awaken procedure, or (iii) to turn on orpower up one or more of its receivers/radios.

As also described in greater detail herein, in some aspects, anapparatus (e.g., AP and/or STA) may transmit, receive, and/or negotiatea field, parameter, data, information, information element, orindication indicating a period of time corresponding to/associated withtransitioning from a one state (e.g., awake, doze, power save, or activestate) to another state (e.g., awake, doze, power save, or active state)in response to transmitting, receiving, and/or negotiating a particularpacket, data packet, transmission, or other information, such as anawaken packet, request packet, or awaken request packet. In someaspects, an apparatus (e.g., AP and/or STA) may perform an operation(e.g., transition from one state/mode to another state/mode) inaccordance with such field, parameter, data, information, informationelement, or indication.

In some aspects, such an operation may be or include transmitting,scheduling a transmission, receiving, or scheduling reception of anycommunication/transmission (e.g., a packet, data packet, a frame, a dataframe, an awaken packet, an awaken request packet, a request packet, aresponse packet, an awaken response packet, a beacon, and/or any variousother suitable encapsulation of information) described herein. As anexample, an AP may transmit or schedule to transmit acommunication/transmission (e.g., a packet, data packet, a frame, a dataframe, an awaken packet, an awaken request packet, a request packet, aresponse packet, an awaken response packet, a beacon, and/or any variousother suitable encapsulation of information) in accordance with (1) suchindication indicating a period of time corresponding to /associated withtransitioning from one state (e.g., awake, doze, power save, or activestate) to another state (e.g., awake, doze, power save, or active state)and (2) such information indicating a time by which one or morereceivers of the (respective) awaken request packet(s) shall finish anawaken procedure that transitions that/those receiver(s), or any one ormore of its receiver(s)/radio(s), from a low-power state to a high powerstate. In some aspects, such communication/transmission may be inaccordance with such an indication when that communication/transmissionoccurs (1) after/upon expiration/termination of such period of timecorresponding to/associated with transitioning from one state (e.g.,awake, doze, power save, or active state) to another state (e.g., awake,doze, power save, or active state) and/or (2) the receiving apparatus(e.g., STA) and/or any of its radios/transceivers are currently/alreadyoperating in the other state (e.g., awake, doze, power save, or activestate).

As another example, a STA may receive or schedule (e.g., receipt of) acommunication/transmission (e.g., a packet, data packet, a frame, a dataframe, an awaken packet, an awaken request packet, a request packet, aresponse packet, an awaken response packet, a beacon, and/or any variousother suitable encapsulation of information) in accordance with (1) suchindication indicating a period of time corresponding to/associated withtransitioning from one state (e.g., awake, doze, power save, or activestate) to another state (e.g., awake, doze, power save, or activestate), and/or (2) such information indicating a time by which one ormore receivers of the (respective) awaken request packet(s) shall finishan awaken procedure that transitions that/those receiver(s), or any oneor more of its receiver(s)/radio(s), from a low-power state to a highpower state. In some aspects, such communication/transmission may be inaccordance with such an indication when that communication/transmissionoccurs (1) after/upon expiration/termination of such period of timecorresponding to/associated with transitioning from one state (e.g.,awake, doze, power save, or active state) to another state (e.g., awake,doze, power save, or active state), and/or (2) the receiving apparatus(e.g., STA) and/or any of its radios/transceivers are currently/alreadyoperating in the other state (e.g., awake, doze, power save, or activestate).

In some aspects, at block 408, AP 110 and STA 120 may perform UL and/orDL communication(s). For example, STA 120 may utilize PR 222 for UL/DLcommunication 340 at time T₁₁. In some aspects, at block 410, AP 110and/or STA 120 (e.g., using PR 222) may transmit one or morecommunications that result in termination or teardown of one or more ofthe negotiated parameters, settings, and/or configurations relating tooperation(s) of AP 110, STA 120, PR 222, and/or SR 224, as described ingreater detail herein.

One of ordinary skill in the art will understand that certain termsdescribed herein may be interchangeable without necessarily deviatingfrom their respective meaning. In some aspects, the following terms maybe interchangeable without necessarily deviating from the scope of thepresent disclosure: packet, frame, beacon, signal, transmission,communication, and/or various other suitable terms. In some aspects, thefollowing terms may be interchangeable without necessarily deviatingfrom the scope of the present disclosure: packet, request packet, awakenrequest packet, and/or various other suitable terms. In some aspects,the following terms may be interchangeable without necessarily deviatingfrom the scope of the present disclosure: response, response packet,awaken response packet, and/or various other suitable terms. In someaspects, the following terms may be interchangeable without necessarilydeviating from the scope of the present disclosure: data packet, dataportion, data, payload, and/or various other suitable terms.

In some aspects, a packet may include a preamble. In some aspects, thepacket, the preamble of the packet, and/or portion of the preamble ofthe packet may include any sort, type, or variety of information, bits,symbols, and/or data, and/or other information carrier. In some aspects,the packet, the preamble of the packet, and/or portion of the preambleof the packet may include a plurality of sub-components (e.g.,sub-packets, sub-preambles of the preamble, and/or sub-portions of theportion of the preamble of the packet, respectively).

In some aspects, the packet and/or the preamble of the packet mayinclude at least a first portion and a second portion. In some aspects,the first portion may include data, symbols, bits, or information thatis different from, varies from, or substantially deviates from data,symbols, bits, or information included in the second portion. In someaspects, the first portion may include data, symbols, bits, orinformation that is the same as, substantially the same as, orequivalent to data, symbols, bits, or information included in the secondportion. In some aspects, the second portion (or the data, symbols,bits, or information thereof) may comprise a replication or repetition(e.g., at least once) of the first portion (or the data, symbols, bits,or information thereof). In some aspects, the first portion precedes thesecond portion. In some aspects, the second portion is subsequent to thefirst portion. In some aspects, the first portion is subsequent to thesecond portion.

In some aspects, the first portion and the second portion are provided,included, or arranged (in the packet) continuously, contiguously, and/orwithout other information, bits, symbols, and/or data there-between. Forexample, in such aspects, the end/last portion of the first portion issubstantially/immediately followed by, or contiguous in relation to, thebeginning/starting portion of the second portion. In some aspects, thefirst portion and the second portion are provided, included, or arranged(in the packet) non-continuously, non-contiguously, and/or with otherinformation, bits, symbols, and/or data there-between. For example, insuch aspects, the end/last portion of the first portion issubstantially/immediately followed by the beginning/starting portion ofthe second portion.

In some aspects, the first portion is modulated using, by, or accordingto a first modulation scheme, type, or technique, and the second portionis modulated using, by, or according to a second modulation scheme,type, or technique. In some aspects, such first modulation scheme, type,or technique is the same as, similar to, or equivalent to the secondmodulation scheme, type, or technique. In some aspects, either one ormore of such first and/or second modulation scheme(s), type(s), ortechnique(s) may include but is/are not limited to orthogonal quadratureamplitude modulation, frequency division multiplexing, orthogonal codedivision multiplexing, complementary code keying, cyclic-code shiftkeying, pulse-position modulation, binary phase-shift keying, quadraturephase-shift keying, quadrature phase shift keying, quadrature binaryphase-shift keying (e.g., ninety degrees phase-shifted relative tobinary phase shift-keying), dual-binary phase-shift keying, QBPSK,frequency-shift keying, amplitude-shift keying, on-off keying, and/orvarious other suitable forms of modulation schemes, types, ortechniques.

In some aspects, the packet and/or the preamble of the packet mayinclude at least a third portion. In some aspects, the third portion mayinclude one or more fields, portions, information, bits, symbols, and/ordata. In some aspects, the third portion may include an indicationassociated with a type, color, or identifier of a basic service set. Forexample, such an indication may include a basic service set identifier,a basic service set color, and/or various other suitable indications. Insome aspects, the third portion may include an indication associatedwith a transmission opportunity. For example, such an indication mayinclude information related to the transmission opportunity (e.g., astart time, a duration/period of transmission, an end time, etc.) of oneor more wireless communications of an apparatus (e.g., AP) and/oranother apparatus (e.g., STA). In some aspects, the third portion mayinclude information associated with a format, type, or other suitableaspect of the packet, the preamble of the packet, and/or the modality ofwireless communication of the packet and/or the preamble of the packet.In some aspects, the third portion may include or indicate a length orduration of the packet, the preamble of the packet, and/or any otherportion of the preamble of the packet. For example, the third portionmay include or indicate a length or duration of the third portion. Insome aspects, the third portion may include or indicate informationassociated with a direction of communication of the packet (or at leastsome portions thereof), an intended recipient of the packet (or at leastsome portions thereof), a link type/characteristic of the communicationof the packet (or at least some portions thereof). As an example, suchinformation may include or indicate whether/that the packet (or at leastsome portions thereof) is intended for, directed to, or destined to anapparatus (e.g., AP) and/or whether/that the packet (or at least someportions thereof) is intended for, directed to, or destined to anapparatus (e.g., STA). As another example, such information may includeor indicate whether the packet (or at least some portions thereof) is anuplink packet/communication and/or a downlink packet/communication.

In some aspects, an apparatus (e.g., AP) may generate a packet, apreamble of a packet, and/or any portions respectively thereof in amanner that enables an apparatus (e.g., STA) to determine, usinginformation, data, bits, symbols, and/or other suitable encapsulationsof information included in such packet, preamble, and/or portionsrespectively thereof, a type, format, version, configuration, structure,and/or any suitable characteristic of such packet, preamble, and/orother portions respectively thereof. In some aspects, an apparatus(e.g., STA) may determine a type, format, version, configuration,structure, and/or any suitable characteristic of such packet, preamble,and/or other portions respectively thereof based at least in part on oneor more aspects described herein in relation to any one or more portions(e.g., the first portion, the second portion, and/or the third portion,and/or any respective portions/sub-portions respectively thereof) of thepacket and/or the preamble of the packet.

In some aspects, an apparatus (e.g., STA) may determine/distinguishwhether/that the packet and/or preamble is of a first type, firstformat, first version, first configuration, first structure, and/or afirst characteristic (e.g., instead of any other/different type, format,version, configuration, structure, and/or a characteristic, as describedherein) if, when, based at least in part on, or by considering (a)the/that/whether the packet and/or preamble of the packet includes thesecond portion (as described herein) of the preamble and/or the packet,and/or (b) the/that/whether the packet and/or preamble of the packetincludes the first portion (as described herein) of the preamble and/orthe packet but does not include the second portion (as described herein)of the preamble and/or the packet.

In some aspects, an apparatus (e.g., STA) may determine/distinguishwhether/that the packet and/or preamble of the packet is of a firsttype, first format, first version, first configuration, first structure,and/or a first characteristic (e.g., instead of any other/differenttype, format, version, configuration, structure, and/or acharacteristic, as described herein) if, when, based at least in parton, or by considering (a) the/that/whether the first portion (asdescribed herein) of the packet and/or preamble of the packet comprisesa length that is not the same as (or not substantially/substantivelyequivalent/similar/same in relation to) a length of the second portion(as described herein) of the packet and/or the preamble of the packet,and/or (b) the/that/whether the second portion (as described herein) ofthe packet and/or the preamble of the packet comprises a length that isnot the same as (or not substantially/substantivelyequivalent/similar/same in relation to) a length of the first portion(as described herein) of the packet and/or the preamble of the packet.As used herein, in some aspects, a first length is notsubstantially/substantively equivalent/similar/same in relation to asecond length if/when the second length is not an integer multiple ofthe first length or the first length is not a multiple (e.g., not aninteger multiple) of the second length, such that, for example, dividingone length (e.g., the first length or the second length) by the otherlength (e.g., the second length or the first length, respectively)produces in a remainder having value that is not zero.

In some aspects, an apparatus (e.g., STA) may determine/distinguishwhether/that the packet and/or preamble of the packet is of a secondtype, second format, second version, second configuration, secondstructure, and/or a second characteristic (e.g., instead of anyother/different type, format, version, configuration, structure, and/ora characteristic, as described herein) if, when, based at least in parton, or by considering (a) the/that/whether the first portion (asdescribed herein) of the packet and/or preamble of the packet comprisesa length that is the same as (or substantially/substantivelyequivalent/similar/same in relation to) a length of the second portion(as described herein) of the packet and/or preamble of the packet,and/or (b) the/that/whether the second portion (as described herein) ofthe packet and/or preamble of the packet comprises a length that is thesame as (or substantially/substantively equivalent/similar/same inrelation to) a length of the first portion (as described herein) of thepacket and/or preamble of the packet. As used herein, in some aspects, afirst length is substantially/substantively equivalent/similar/same inrelation to a second length if/when the second length is a multiple(e.g., an integer multiple) of the first length or the first length is amultiple (e.g., an integer multiple) of the second length, such that,for example, dividing one length (e.g., the first length or the secondlength) by the other length (e.g., the second length or the firstlength, respectively) produces a remainder having value of zero.

Furthermore, in some aspects, an apparatus (e.g., STA) maydetermine/distinguish whether/that the packet and/or preamble of thepacket is of a second type, second format, second version, secondconfiguration, second structure, and/or a second characteristic (e.g.,instead of any other/different type, format, version, configuration,structure, and/or a characteristic, as described herein) if, when, basedat least in part on, or by considering (a) the/that/whether the firstportion (as described herein) of the packet and/or preamble of thepacket comprises a length that is not the same as (or notsubstantially/substantively equivalent/similar/same in relation to) alength of the second portion (as described herein) of the packet and/orthe preamble of the packet, and/or (b) the/that/whether the secondportion (as described herein) of the packet and/or the preamble of thepacket comprises a length that is not the same as (or notsubstantially/substantively equivalent/similar/same in relation to) alength of the first portion (as described herein) of the packet and/orthe preamble of the packet. As used herein, in some aspects, a firstlength is not substantially/substantively equivalent/similar/same inrelation to a second length if/when the second length is not an integermultiple of the first length or the first length is not a multiple(e.g., not an integer multiple) of the second length, such that, forexample, dividing one length (e.g., the first length or the secondlength) by the other length (e.g., the second length or the firstlength, respectively) produces in a remainder having value that is notzero.

In some aspects, an apparatus (e.g., STA) may determine/distinguishwhether/that the packet and/or preamble of the packet is of a secondtype, second format, second version, second configuration, secondstructure, and/or a second characteristic (e.g., instead of anyother/different type, format, version, configuration, structure, and/ora characteristic, as described herein) if, when, based at least in parton, or by considering (a) the/that/whether the first portion (asdescribed herein) of the packet and/or preamble of the packet comprisesdata, symbols, bits, or information that is different from, varies from,or substantially deviates from data, symbols, bits, or informationincluded in the second portion (as described herein) of the packetand/or preamble of the packet, and/or (b) the/that/whether the secondportion (as described herein) of the packet and/or preamble of thepacket comprises data, symbols, bits, or information that is differentfrom, varies from, or substantially deviates from data, symbols, bits,or information included in the first portion (as described herein) ofthe packet and/or preamble of the packet.

In some aspects, an apparatus (e.g., STA) may determine/distinguishwhether/that the packet and/or preamble of the packet is of a secondtype, second format, second version, second configuration, secondstructure, and/or a second characteristic (e.g., instead of anyother/different type, format, version, configuration, structure, and/ora characteristic, as described herein) if, when, based at least in parton, or by considering (a) the/that/whether the first portion (asdescribed herein) of the packet and/or preamble of the packet comprisesdata, symbols, bits, or information that is the same as (orsubstantially/substantively equivalent/similar/same in relation to)data, symbols, bits, or information included in the second portion (asdescribed herein) of the packet and/or preamble of the packet, and/or(b) the/that/whether the second portion (as described herein) of thepacket and/or preamble of the packet comprises data, symbols, bits, orinformation that is the same as (or substantially/substantivelyequivalent/similar/same in relation to) data, symbols, bits, orinformation included in the first portion (as described herein) of thepacket and/or preamble of the packet.

In some aspects, an apparatus (e.g., STA) may determine/distinguishwhether/that the packet and/or preamble of the packet is of a secondtype, second format, second version, second configuration, secondstructure, and/or a second characteristic (e.g., instead of anyother/different type, format, version, configuration, structure, and/ora characteristic, as described herein) if, when, based at least in parton, or by considering (a) the/that/whether the first portion (asdescribed herein) of the packet and/or preamble of the packet comprisesdata, symbols, bits, or information that is modulated according to amodulation scheme, type, or technique that is different from, variesfrom, or substantially deviates from a modulation scheme, type, ortechnique of the data, symbols, bits, or information included in thesecond portion (as described herein) of the packet and/or preamble ofthe packet, and/or (b) the/that/whether the second portion (as describedherein) of the packet and/or preamble of the packet comprises data,symbols, bits, or information that is modulated according to amodulation scheme, type, or technique different from, varies from, orsubstantially deviates from a modulation scheme, type, or technique ofthe data, symbols, bits, or information included in the first portion(as described herein) of the packet and/or preamble of the packet.

In some aspects, an apparatus (e.g., STA) may determine/distinguishwhether/that the packet and/or preamble of the packet is of a secondtype, second format, second version, second configuration, secondstructure, and/or a second characteristic (e.g., instead of anyother/different type, format, version, configuration, structure, and/ora characteristic, as described herein) if, when, based at least in parton, or by considering (a) the/that/whether the first portion (asdescribed herein) of the packet and/or preamble of the packet comprisesdata, symbols, bits, or information that is modulated according to amodulation scheme, type, or technique that is the same as (orsubstantially/substantively equivalent/similar/same in relation to) amodulation scheme, type, or technique of the data, symbols, bits, orinformation included in the second portion (as described herein) of thepacket and/or preamble of the packet, and/or (b) the/that/whether thesecond portion (as described herein) of the packet and/or preamble ofthe packet comprises data, symbols, bits, or information that ismodulated according to a modulation scheme, type, or technique that isthe same as (or substantially/substantively equivalent/similar/same inrelation to) a modulation scheme, type, or technique of the data,symbols, bits, or information included in the first portion (asdescribed herein) of the packet and/or preamble of the packet.

In some aspects, an apparatus (e.g., STA) may determine/distinguishwhether/that the packet and/or preamble is of a third type, thirdformat, third version, third configuration, third structure, and/or athird characteristic (e.g., instead of any other/different type, format,version, configuration, structure, and/or a characteristic, as describedherein) if, when, based at least in part on, or by considering (a)the/that/whether the packet and/or preamble of the packet includes thesecond portion (as described herein) of the preamble and/or the packetand/or (b) the/that/whether the packet and/or preamble of the packetincludes the first portion (as described herein) of the preamble and/orthe packet but does not include the second portion (as described herein)of the preamble and/or the packet.

In some aspects, an apparatus (e.g., STA) may determine/distinguishwhether/that the packet and/or preamble of the packet is of a thirdtype, third format, third version, third configuration, third structure,and/or a third characteristic (e.g., instead of any other/differenttype, format, version, configuration, structure, and/or acharacteristic, as described herein) if, when, based at least in parton, or by considering (a) the/that/whether the first portion (asdescribed herein) of the packet and/or preamble of the packet comprisesa length that is the same as (or substantially/substantivelyequivalent/similar/same in relation to) a length of the second portion(as described herein) of the packet and/or preamble of the packet,and/or (b) the/that/whether the second portion (as described herein) ofthe packet and/or preamble of the packet comprises a length that is thesame as (or substantially/substantively equivalent/similar/same inrelation to) a length of the first portion (as described herein) of thepacket and/or preamble of the packet. As used herein, in some aspects, afirst length is substantially/substantively equivalent/similar/same inrelation to a second length if/when the second length is a multiple(e.g., an integer multiple) of the first length or the first length is amultiple (e.g., an integer multiple) of the second length, such that,for example, dividing one length (e.g., the first length or the secondlength) by the other length (e.g., the second length or the firstlength, respectively) produces a remainder having value of zero.

Furthermore, in some aspects, an apparatus (e.g., STA) maydetermine/distinguish whether/that the packet and/or preamble of thepacket is of a third type, third format, third version, thirdconfiguration, third structure, and/or a third characteristic (e.g.,instead of any other/different type, format, version, configuration,structure, and/or a characteristic, as described herein) if, when, basedat least in part on, or by considering (a) the/that/whether the firstportion (as described herein) of the packet and/or preamble of thepacket comprises a length that is not the same as (or notsubstantially/substantively equivalent/similar/same in relation to) alength of the second portion (as described herein) of the packet and/orthe preamble of the packet, and/or (b) the/that/whether the secondportion (as described herein) of the packet and/or the preamble of thepacket comprises a length that is not the same as (or notsubstantially/substantively equivalent/similar/same in relation to) alength of the first portion (as described herein) of the packet and/orthe preamble of the packet. As used herein, in some aspects, a firstlength is not substantially/substantively equivalent/similar/same inrelation to a second length if/when the second length is not an integermultiple of the first length or the first length is not a multiple(e.g., not an integer multiple) of the second length, such that, forexample, dividing one length (e.g., the first length or the secondlength) by the other length (e.g., the second length or the firstlength, respectively) produces in a remainder having value that is notzero.

In some aspects, an apparatus (e.g., STA) may determine/distinguishwhether/that the packet and/or preamble of the packet is of a thirdtype, third format, third version, third configuration, third structure,and/or a third characteristic (e.g., instead of any other/differenttype, format, version, configuration, structure, and/or acharacteristic, as described herein) if, when, based at least in parton, or by considering (a) the/that/whether the first portion (asdescribed herein) of the packet and/or preamble of the packet comprisesdata, symbols, bits, or information that is different from, varies from,or substantially deviates from data, symbols, bits, or informationincluded in the second portion (as described herein) of the packetand/or preamble of the packet, and/or (b) the/that/whether the secondportion (as described herein) of the packet and/or preamble of thepacket comprises data, symbols, bits, or information that is differentfrom, varies from, or substantially deviates from data, symbols, bits,or information included in the first portion (as described herein) ofthe packet and/or preamble of the packet.

In some aspects, an apparatus (e.g., STA) may determine/distinguishwhether/that the packet and/or preamble of the packet is of a thirdtype, third format, third version, third configuration, third structure,and/or a third characteristic (e.g., instead of any other/differenttype, format, version, configuration, structure, and/or acharacteristic, as described herein) if, when, based at least in parton, or by considering (a) the/that/whether the first portion (asdescribed herein) of the packet and/or preamble of the packet comprisesdata, symbols, bits, or information that is the same as (orsubstantially/substantively equivalent/similar/same in relation to)data, symbols, bits, or information included in the second portion (asdescribed herein) of the packet and/or preamble of the packet, and/or(b) the/that/whether the second portion (as described herein) of thepacket and/or preamble of the packet comprises data, symbols, bits, orinformation that is the same as (or substantially/substantivelyequivalent/similar/same in relation to) data, symbols, bits, orinformation included in the first portion (as described herein) of thepacket and/or preamble of the packet.

In some aspects, an apparatus (e.g., STA) may determine/distinguishwhether/that the packet and/or preamble of the packet is of a thirdtype, third format, third version, third configuration, third structure,and/or a third characteristic (e.g., instead of any other/differenttype, format, version, configuration, structure, and/or acharacteristic, as described herein) if, when, based at least in parton, or by considering (a) the/that/whether the first portion (asdescribed herein) of the packet and/or preamble of the packet comprisesdata, symbols, bits, or information that is modulated according to amodulation scheme, type, or technique that is different from, variesfrom, or substantially deviates from a modulation scheme, type, ortechnique of the data, symbols, bits, or information included in thesecond portion (as described herein) of the packet and/or preamble ofthe packet, and/or (b) the/that/whether the second portion (as describedherein) of the packet and/or preamble of the packet comprises data,symbols, bits, or information that is modulated according to amodulation scheme, type, or technique different from, varies from, orsubstantially deviates from a modulation scheme, type, or technique ofthe data, symbols, bits, or information included in the first portion(as described herein) of the packet and/or preamble of the packet.

In some aspects, an apparatus (e.g., STA) may determine/distinguishwhether/that the packet and/or preamble of the packet is of a thirdtype, third format, third version, third configuration, third structure,and/or a third characteristic (e.g., instead of any other/differenttype, format, version, configuration, structure, and/or acharacteristic, as described herein) if, when, based at least in parton, or by considering (a) the/that/whether the first portion (asdescribed herein) of the packet and/or preamble of the packet comprisesdata, symbols, bits, or information that is modulated according to amodulation scheme, type, or technique that is the same as (orsubstantially/substantively equivalent/similar/same in relation to) amodulation scheme, type, or technique of the data, symbols, bits, orinformation included in the second portion (as described herein) of thepacket and/or preamble of the packet, and/or (b) the/that/whether thesecond portion (as described herein) of the packet and/or preamble ofthe packet comprises data, symbols, bits, or information that ismodulated according to a modulation scheme, type, or technique that isthe same as (or substantially/substantively equivalent/similar/same inrelation to) a modulation scheme, type, or technique of the data,symbols, bits, or information included in the first portion (asdescribed herein) of the packet and/or preamble of the packet.

In some aspects, an apparatus (e.g., STA) may determine/distinguishwhether/that the packet and/or preamble is of a third type, thirdformat, third version, third configuration, third structure, and/or athird characteristic (e.g., instead of any other/different type, format,version, configuration, structure, and/or a characteristic, as describedherein) if, when, based at least in part on, or by considering (a)the/that/whether the packet and/or preamble of the packet includes thethird portion (as described herein) of the preamble and/or the packetand/or (b) the/that/whether the packet and/or preamble of the packetincludes the first portion (as described herein) and/or the secondportion (as described herein) of the preamble and/or the packet but doesnot include the third portion (as described herein) of the preambleand/or the packet.

In some aspects, an apparatus (e.g., STA) may determine/distinguishwhether/that the packet and/or preamble of the packet is of a thirdtype, third format, third version, third configuration, third structure,and/or a third characteristic (e.g., instead of any other/differenttype, format, version, configuration, structure, and/or acharacteristic, as described herein) if, when, based at least in parton, or by considering (a) the/that/whether the third portion (asdescribed herein) of the packet and/or preamble of the packet comprisesdata, symbols, bits, or information that is modulated according to amodulation scheme, type, or technique that is different from, variesfrom, or substantially deviates from a modulation scheme, type, ortechnique of the data, symbols, bits, or information included in thefirst portion (as described herein) and/or the second portion (asdescribed herein) of the packet and/or preamble of the packet, and/or(b) the/that/whether the first portion (as described herein) and/or thesecond portion (as described herein) of the packet and/or preamble ofthe packet comprises data, symbols, bits, or information that ismodulated according to a modulation scheme, type, or technique differentfrom, varies from, or substantially deviates from a modulation scheme,type, or technique of the data, symbols, bits, or information includedin the third portion (as described herein) of the packet and/or preambleof the packet.

In some aspects, an apparatus (e.g., STA) may determine/distinguishwhether/that the packet and/or preamble of the packet is of a thirdtype, third format, third version, third configuration, third structure,and/or a third characteristic (e.g., instead of any other/differenttype, format, version, configuration, structure, and/or acharacteristic, as described herein) if, when, based at least in parton, or by considering (a) the/that/whether the third portion (asdescribed herein) of the packet and/or preamble of the packet comprisesdata, symbols, bits, or information that is modulated according to amodulation scheme, type, or technique that is the same as (orsubstantially/substantively equivalent/similar/same in relation to) amodulation scheme, type, or technique of the data, symbols, bits, orinformation included in the first portion (as described herein) and/orthe second portion (as described herein) of the packet and/or preambleof the packet, and/or (b) the/that/whether the first portion (asdescribed herein) and/or the second portion (as described herein) of thepacket and/or preamble of the packet comprises data, symbols, bits, orinformation that is modulated according to a modulation scheme, type, ortechnique that is the same as (or substantially/substantivelyequivalent/similar/same in relation to) a modulation scheme, type, ortechnique of the data, symbols, bits, or information included in thethird portion (as described herein) of the packet and/or preamble of thepacket.

In some aspects, an apparatus (e.g., STA) may determine/distinguishwhether/that the packet and/or preamble of the packet is of a thirdtype, third format, third version, third configuration, third structure,and/or a third characteristic (e.g., instead of any other/differenttype, format, version, configuration, structure, and/or acharacteristic, as described herein) if, when, based at least in parton, or by considering (a) the/that/whether the third portion (asdescribed herein) of the packet and/or preamble of the packet comprisesdata, symbols, bits, or information that is different from, varies from,or substantially deviates from data, symbols, bits, or informationincluded in the first portion (as described herein) and/or the secondportion (as described herein) of the packet and/or preamble of thepacket, and/or (b) the/that/whether the first portion (as describedherein) and/or the second portion (as described herein) of the packetand/or preamble of the packet comprises data, symbols, bits, orinformation that is different from, varies from, or substantiallydeviates from data, symbols, bits, or information included in the thirdportion (as described herein) of the packet and/or preamble of thepacket.

In some aspects, an apparatus (e.g., STA) may determine/distinguishwhether/that the packet and/or preamble of the packet is of a thirdtype, third format, third version, third configuration, third structure,and/or a third characteristic (e.g., instead of any other/differenttype, format, version, configuration, structure, and/or acharacteristic, as described herein) if, when, based at least in parton, or by considering (a) the/that/whether the third portion (asdescribed herein) of the packet and/or preamble of the packet comprisesa length that is not the same as (or not substantially/substantivelyequivalent/similar/same in relation to) a length of the first portion(as described herein) and/or the second portion (as described herein) ofthe packet and/or the preamble of the packet, and/or (b)the/that/whether the first portion (as described herein) and/or thesecond portion (as described herein) of the packet and/or the preambleof the packet comprises a length that is not the same as (or notsubstantially/substantively equivalent/similar/same in relation to) alength of the third portion (as described herein) of the packet and/orthe preamble of the packet. As used herein, in some aspects, a firstlength is not substantially/substantively equivalent/similar/same inrelation to a second length if/when the second length is not an integermultiple of the first length or the first length is not a multiple(e.g., not an integer multiple) of the second length, such that, forexample, dividing one length (e.g., the first length or the secondlength) by the other length (e.g., the second length or the firstlength, respectively) produces in a remainder having value that is notzero.

In some aspects, an apparatus (e.g., STA) may determine/distinguishwhether/that the packet and/or preamble of the packet is of a thirdtype, third format, third version, third configuration, third structure,and/or a third characteristic (e.g., instead of any other/differenttype, format, version, configuration, structure, and/or acharacteristic, as described herein) if, when, based at least in parton, or by considering (a) the/that/whether the first portion (asdescribed herein) of the packet and/or preamble of the packet comprisesa first value or first range of values (e.g., XXX or YYY), and/or (b)the/that/whether the second portion (as described herein) of the packetand/or preamble of the packet comprises a second value or a second rangeof values (e.g., YYY or XXX).

In some aspects, the first portion may include data, symbols, bits, orinformation that is the same as, substantially the same as, orequivalent to data, symbols, bits, or information included in the secondportion. In some aspects, the first portion precedes the second portion.In some aspects, the first portion is subsequent to the second portion.

In some aspects, an apparatus (e.g., STA) may determine/distinguishwhether/that the packet and/or preamble of the packet is of a secondtype, second format, second version, second configuration, secondstructure, and/or a second characteristic (e.g., instead of anyother/different type, format, version, configuration, structure, and/ora characteristic, as described herein) if, when, based at least in parton, or by considering (a) the/that/whether the first portion (asdescribed herein) of the packet and/or preamble of the packet comprisesa first value or first range of values (e.g., XXX or YYY), and/or (b)the/that/whether the second portion (as described herein) of the packetand/or preamble of the packet comprises a second value or a second rangeof values (e.g., YYY or XXX).

In some aspects, a network of devices/apparatuses may include aplurality of apparatuses (e.g., APs) and/or a plurality of otherapparatuses (e.g., STAs). In some aspects, at least a first apparatus(e.g., sometimes interchangeably referred to herein as the “primaryapparatus” or “primary AP”) (of the plurality of apparatuses (e.g.,APs)) may be superior to (e.g., be an administrator, commander,controller, manager, or director relative to) at least a secondapparatus (e.g., sometimes interchangeably referred to herein as a“secondary apparatus” or “secondary AP”) (of the plurality ofapparatuses (e.g., APs)). In some aspects, at least a first apparatus(e.g., sometimes interchangeably referred to herein as the “secondaryapparatus” or “secondary AP”) (of the plurality of apparatuses (e.g.,APs)) may be subordinate to (e.g., be a servant, attendant, dependent,or inferior relative to) at least a second apparatus (e.g., sometimesinterchangeably referred to herein as the “primary apparatus” or“primary AP”) (of the plurality of apparatuses (e.g., APs)).

In some aspects, one or more of a plurality of apparatuses (e.g.,including the first apparatus (e.g., primary AP) and/or the secondapparatus (e.g., secondary AP)) may perform, initiate, cooperate,collaborate, combine, and/or coordinate their respective transmission(s)(e.g., downlink (DL) transmission(s)) to one or more apparatuses (e.g.,one or more STAs), and suchperformed/initiated/cooperative/collaborative/combined/coordinatedcommunication may sometimes be referred to herein as “concertedcommunication(s).”

In some aspects, concerted communication(s) (as described herein) mayinclude: two or more of the plurality of apparatuses (e.g., APs)transmitting the same or similar information, data, bits, packets, orframes. In some aspects, concerted communication(s) (as describedherein) may include: two or more of the plurality of apparatuses (e.g.,APs) transmitting the same or similar information, data, bits, packets,or frames at the same time or time period. In some aspects, concertedcommunication(s) (as described herein) may include: a downlink (DL)transmission request (DLTR) communicated by the primary apparatus (e.g.,primary AP) to at least one other apparatus (e.g., one or more secondaryapparatus, one or more secondary APs, or one or more STA).

In some aspects, the DLTR may be configured to or comprising informationuseful to enable/cause such at least one other apparatus (e.g., one ormore secondary apparatus, one or more secondary APs, or one or more STA)to be informed, prepared, or notified about a pending, expected, oranticipated DL communication to it from the primary apparatus(es) (e.g.,primary AP(s)).

In some aspects, the DLTR may include an announcement frame, packet, orinformation. For example, in some aspects, the DLTR may include atrigger frame, packet, or information. In some aspects, the DLTR may beconfigured to cause, trigger, or otherwise induce such at least oneother apparatus (e.g., one or more secondary apparatus, one or moresecondary APs, or one or more STA) to at least: (a) receive a DLcommunication from the primary apparatus (e.g., primary AP), and/or (b)relay, communicate, or otherwise transmit that same DL communication(received from the primary apparatus (e.g., primary AP) to at least oneother downstream apparatus (e.g., a/another STA, a/another secondarytransmitter, or a/another secondary AP).

In some aspects, the DLTR may include at least some (or may include all)of the information, bits, or data that the primary apparatus (e.g.,primary AP) intends for the secondary apparatus (e.g., secondary AP) tocommunicate to at least one downstream apparatus (e.g., STA). In someaspects, a communication by the secondary apparatus (e.g., secondary AP)to at least one downstream apparatus (e.g., STA) may occur at thesame/similar time or time period as, and/or may include at least some(or all) of the same/similar information as, a communication by theprimary apparatus(es) (e.g., primary AP(s)) to the same at least onedownstream apparatus (e.g., STA), and/or at least another downstreamapparatus (e.g., another STA).

In some aspects, concerted communication(s) (as described herein) mayinclude: two or more of the plurality of apparatuses (e.g., APs)transmitting the same/similar or different/varying information, data,bits, packets, or frames at different time or varying time periods(e.g., sequentially). For example, in some aspects, a first set ofinformation, data, bits, packets, or frames may be transmitted by theprimary apparatus(es) (e.g., primary AP(s)) to a first apparatus (e.g.,a STA1, a secondary apparatus, or a secondary AP) at time A or timeperiod A, and a second set of information, data, bits, packets, orframes may be transmitted by the primary apparatus(es) (e.g., primaryAP(s)) to a second apparatus (e.g., a STA2, a secondary apparatus, or asecondary AP) at time B or time period B, wherein A and B may be thesame, may at least partially overlap, or may not overlap.

In some aspects, concerted communication(s) (as described herein) mayinclude: use/enabling/configuration of a first set of one or moreantenna of the primary apparatus(es) (e.g., primary AP(s)) for acommunication (from the primary apparatus(es) (e.g., primary AP(s))) toone or more secondary apparatus (e.g., secondary AP(s)), anduse/enabling/configuration of a second set of one or more antenna of theprimary apparatus(es) (e.g., primary AP(s)) for communication (from theprimary apparatus(es) (e.g., primary AP(s))) to one or more apparatuses(e.g., one or more STAs). In some aspects, the first set of antenna mayhave the same antenna relative to, or may have at least one of the sameantenna relative to, the second set of antenna. In some aspects, thefirst set of antenna may have at least one different antenna relativeto, or may have all different antennas relative to, the second set ofantenna. In some aspects, the first set of antennas may be used at afirst time or first period of time, and the second set of antenna may beused at a second time or second period of time. In some aspects, thefirst time or time period may be the same as, at least partially overlapwith, or be different from the second time or second time period.

In some aspects, concerted communication(s) (as described herein) may befollowed by one or more uplink (UL) acknowledgementscommunicated/transmitted by one or more downstream apparatuses (e.g.,one or more STAs, one or more secondary apparatuses, or one or moresecondary APs) to one or more upstream apparatuses (e.g., one or more(upstream) STAs, one or more (upstream) secondary apparatuses, one ormore (upstream) secondary APs, one or more primary apparatuses, or oneor more primary APs). Such acknowledgements may occur at the same timeor at varying times without deviating from the scope of the presentdisclosure.

In some aspects, the primary apparatus (e.g., primary AP) may transmit aframe, packet, or information (e.g., sometimes interchangeably referredto herein as “selection information” or “selection frame”) to asecondary apparatus (e.g., secondary AP). In some aspects, suchselection information may be configured to or comprise informationuseful to enable/cause the secondary apparatus (e.g., secondary AP) todetermine whether the secondary apparatus (e.g., secondary AP) isavailable, capable, selectable, qualified, and/or enabled to participatein concerted communication, as described herein.

For example, an apparatus (e.g., apparatus, STA, secondary apparatus, orsecondary AP) may receive such frame, packet, or information and, e.g.,at least in part based on it, determine whether it has at least onechannel, resource, communication antenna, and/or other aspect availableor for use in such concerted communication(s) (as described herein)(e.g., at/by the time that such concerted communication(s) isdesired/intended/expected/planned to occur). In some aspects, inresponse to or after receiving such selection information, the apparatus(e.g., apparatus, STA, secondary apparatus, or secondary AP) maygenerate and/or transmit a response packet, frame, or information to theprimary apparatus (e.g., primary AP) and such response packet, frame, orinformation may include information related to the received selectioninformation and/or configured to or comprising information useful toenable/cause the primary apparatus (e.g., primary AP) to understandwhether that apparatus (e.g., apparatus, STA, secondary apparatus, orsecondary AP) is available, capable, selectable, qualified, and/orenabled to participate in concerted communication, as described herein.In some aspects, at least in part based on such response packet, frame,or information, the primary apparatus (e.g., primary AP) may determineto (or determine not to) utilize the secondary apparatus (e.g.,secondary AP) for concerted communication, as described herein.

In some aspects, an apparatus (e.g., AP and/or STA) may comprise aplurality of antennas. In some aspects, each of the plurality ofantennas may be configured to communicate (e.g., transmit and/or receiveinformation) using different frequencies (e.g., antenna 1 may utilizefrequency value/range X, an antenna 2 may utilize frequency value/rangeY, wherein X is different from, or the same as, Y). In some aspects, theplurality of antennas may be configured to or enabled for communicationin accordance with one or more aspects of concerted communication, asdescribed herein. In some aspects, the apparatus (e.g., AP and/or STA)may be associated with a single basic service set (BSS) or BSSidentifier (BSSID).

In some aspects, concerted communication(s) (as described herein) mayinclude: concurrent/synchronous communication (e.g.,concurrent/synchronous transmission, concurrent/synchronous reception,or concurrent/synchronous transmission/reception withconcurrent/synchronous reception/transmission) of the same/similar data,packet, frame, or information utilizing such plurality of antennas. Forexample, antennas 1 and 2 may be utilized for communication ofinformation W at the same time. In some aspects, concertedcommunication(s) (as described herein) may include:concurrent/synchronous communication (e.g., concurrent/synchronoustransmission, concurrent/synchronous reception, orconcurrent/synchronous transmission/reception withconcurrent/synchronous reception/transmission) of the different data,packet, frame, or information utilizing such plurality of antennas. Forexample, antenna 1 may be utilized for communication of information Y attime 1 or time period 1, and antenna 2 may be utilized for communicationof information Z at time 1 or time period 1.

In some aspects, concerted communication(s) (as described herein) mayinclude: sequential/time-multiplexed/time-separated communication (e.g.,concurrent/synchronous transmission, concurrent/synchronous reception,or concurrent/synchronous transmission/reception withconcurrent/synchronous reception/transmission) of the same/similar data,packet, frame, or information utilizing such plurality of antennas. Forexample, antenna 1 may be utilized for communication of information W attime 1 or time period 1, and antenna 2 may be utilized for communicationof information W at time 2 or time period 2. In some aspects, concertedcommunication(s) (as described herein) may include:sequential/time-multiplexed/time-separated communication (e.g.,concurrent/synchronous transmission, concurrent/synchronous reception,or concurrent/synchronous transmission/reception withconcurrent/synchronous reception/transmission) of the different data,packet, frame, or information utilizing such plurality of antennas. Forexample, antenna 1 may be utilized for communication of information W attime 1 or time period 1, and antenna 2 may be utilized for communicationof information Y at time 2 or time period 2.

In some aspects, concerted communication(s) (as described herein) mayinclude: independent/asynchronous communication (e.g., transmissionand/or reception by at least one antenna/radio/chain of an apparatusindependent/asynchronous in relation to any other transmission and/orreception by at least one other antenna/radio/chain of that sameapparatus). In some aspects, independent/asynchronous communication(s)may involve the same/similar data, packet, frame, or informationutilizing such plurality of antennas. In some aspects,independent/asynchronous communication(s) may involve different/varyingdata, packet, frame, or information utilizing such plurality ofantennas. For example, the apparatus may enable communication of packet1 at a time or time period that is independent/asynchronous of (e.g.,unsynchronized; not dependent on) a time or time period at which packet2 is communicated using the apparatus.

In some configurations, concerted communication(s) (as described herein)may include: a setup protocol/period/stage. In some aspects, the setupprotocol/period/stage may include using at least one antenna/radio of anapparatus (e.g., AP and/or STA) to form an association with at least oneother apparatus (e.g., AP and/or STA).

In some aspects, the setup protocol/period/stage may include anapparatus (e.g., AP and/or STA) using at least one antenna/radio tocommunicate, determine, negotiation, advertise, inform, agree-upon, orselect one or more capabilities of at least that apparatus or anotherapparatus (e.g., AP and/or STA), and such capabilities may include anyone or more of the aspects of concerted communication, as describedherein.

In some aspects, the setup protocol/period/stage may include using atleast one communication, packet/frame, protocol, determination, ornegotiation related to determining/configuring/enabling/comprising atleast (a) how many (e.g., a number/quantity) of links or channels to beenabled by the apparatus (e.g., AP and/or STA, (b) whichantenna(s)/radio(s) of an apparatus (e.g., AP and/or STA) will be usedfor that determine many/number/quantity of links or channels, (c) whichtypes of information/data/bits will be communicated/included in each ofthose links or channels and/or antenna(s)/radio(s) of the apparatus, (d)timing information and/or frequency information for such communications(e.g., when such communications will begin/end, and/or at what frequencysuch communications will occur), (e) information regarding whether suchlinks or channels will be used concurrently, sequentially,independently, asynchronously, simultaneously, jointly/dis-jointly,synchronously/de-synchronously, etc., and/or (f) any one or more aspectsof concerted communication, as described herein.

In some aspects, the setup protocol/period/stage may be performed via asingle link/channel/antenna/radio. In some aspects, the setupprotocol/period/stage may be performed via a plurality oflink/channel/antenna/radio.

In some aspects, an apparatus (e.g., AP and/or STA) mayinclude/implement/utilize a first number (e.g., N) of upper mediumaccess control (MAC) layer(s) and a second number (e.g., M) of lower MAClayer(s). In some aspects, each of the second number (e.g., M) of lowerMAC layer(s) is associated/linked with its own (e.g.,separate/different) physical (PHY) layer. In some aspects, each of thosePHY layer(s) is associated/linked to its own (e.g., separate/different)antenna/radio/transceiver, as described herein. In some aspects, thefirst number (e.g., M) is lower than the second number (e.g., N). Insome aspects, the first number (e.g., M) is equal to one, and the secondnumber (e.g., N) is two or greater.

In some aspects, an apparatus (e.g., AP and/or STA) mayinclude/implement/utilize a first number (e.g., A) of medium accesscontrol (MAC) layer(s) and a second number (e.g., B) of physical (PHY)layer(s). In some aspects, each of the second number (e.g., B) of PHYlayer(s) is associated/linked with its own (e.g., separate/different)antenna/radio/transceiver, as described herein. In some aspects, thefirst number (e.g., A) is lower than the second number (e.g., B). Insome aspects, the first number (e.g., A) is equal to one, and the secondnumber (e.g., B) is two or greater.

In some aspects, the setup protocol/period/stage may involve/include thecommunication of various types ofinformation/data/bit(s)/field(s)/portion(s), which, in some aspects, may(or may not) include one or more of the following:

-   -   (A) an identifier of the packet/frame, an identifier of an        apparatus (e.g., AP), and/or an identifier of another apparatus        (e.g., STA);    -   (B) a BSSID pertaining to the channel(s)/link(s), pertaining to        a communication/packet(s)/frame(s), pertaining to an apparatus        (e.g., AP), and/or pertaining to another apparatus (e.g., STA);    -   (C) an operating class pertaining to a channel(s)/link(s),        pertaining to a communication/packet(s)/frame(s), pertaining to        an apparatus (e.g., AP), and/or pertaining to another apparatus        (e.g., STA);    -   (D) channel/link information (e.g., channel/link number (e.g.,        quantity), channel/link assignment in relation to an        antenna/radio to be utilized for related communication(s),        channel/link frequency information, channel/link bandwidth,        channel/link channel width, channel/link conditions,        channel/link identifier/information, etc.);    -   (E) an indication indicating that, and/or which of, a plurality        of channels/links is a primary channel(s)/link(s) and, in some        aspects, that, and/or which of, such plurality of channels/links        is a secondary channel(s)/link(s);    -   (F) an indication indicating that, and/or which/whether, two or        more of a plurality of channels/links includes, or is        intended/desired to include, information/data for aggregation at        one or more apparatuses (e.g., STA and/or AP);    -   (G) channel/link status (e.g., whether and/or which of the one        or more channel(s)/link(s) is currently, or subsequently can/may        be, enabled, disabled, disabled but able to be enabled, and/or        enabled but able to be disabled);    -   (H) a number (e.g., quantity) of channel(s)/link(s) currently,        or subsequently can/may be, enabled/used and, in some aspects,        frequency information and/or various operational        parameter(s)/setting(s)/capability(s) pertaining thereto, as        described herein;    -   (I) operational parameters/settings/capabilities pertaining to        any one or more of the channel(s)/link(s), pertaining to the        communication/packet(s)/frame(s), pertaining to the apparatus        (e.g., AP), and/or pertaining to another apparatus (e.g., STA);    -   (J) information pertaining/related to how one        channel/link/antenna (e.g., of an apparatus (e.g., AP and/or        STA) can/does/will operate/communicates/functions in        relation/relationship to another channel/link/antenna (e.g., of        an apparatus (e.g., AP and/or STA)), wherein such        relation/relationship may (or may not) include one or more of        the following:        -   (J)(1) a relationship wherein there exists            concurrent/synchronous communication (e.g., transmission            and/or reception) by one channel/link/antenna in relation to            the other channel/link/antenna,        -   (J)(2) a relationship wherein there exists            independent/asynchronous communication (e.g., transmission            and/or reception) by one channel/link/antenna in relation to            the other channel/link/antenna, time-/frequency-multiplexed            or time-/frequency-separated communication (e.g.,            transmission and/or reception) by one channel/link/antenna            in relation to the other channel/link/antenna, and/or        -   (J)(3) a relationship wherein there exists joint            communication (e.g., transmission and/or reception) by one            channel/link/antenna in relation to another            channel/link/antenna (e.g., using the same/similar time,            time period, frequency, and/or other resources by such            channels/links/antennas); and/or    -   (K) any one or more other        information/data/bit(s)/field(s)/portion(s) pertaining to,        associated with, or bearing a relationship to any one or more        aspect(s) of concerted communication(s), as described herein.

In some aspects, information communicated from one or more apparatuses(e.g., AP and/or STA) to another one or more apparatuses (e.g., APand/or STA) may include one or more bits. In some aspects, such one ormore bits may be an indication of a quality of service (QoS), anidentifier related to the content of that communication (e.g., a packetidentifier, a traffic identifier (TID), etc.), and/or various othersuitable aspects. As used herein, such one or more bits may sometimes bereferred to as “one or more identifier bits,” “identifier bit(s),” or asimilar term/phrase.

In some aspects, one or more identifier bits (as described herein) maycorrespond to, or include an indication of, a type, category,classification, service, priority, preference, or attribute of at leastsome (or all) of the information being communicated.

In some aspects, a plurality of portions of information having thesame/similar identifier bit(s) (as described herein) may originate from,or be generated by, a first apparatus (e.g., AP and/or STA) andeventually be communicated to, arrive at, or be received by a secondapparatus (e.g., AP and/or STA).

In some aspects, a first apparatus (e.g., AP and/or STA) maytransmit/communicate a first portion of such plurality of portions ofinformation using a first antenna, using a firstlink/communication/channel, and/or using a firstfrequency/communication/link/channel attribute at a first time or firsttime period to a second apparatus (e.g., AP and/or STA).

In some aspects, a first apparatus (e.g., AP and/or STA) maytransmit/communicate a second portion (e.g., different or same as thefirst portion) of such plurality of portions of information using asecond antenna (e.g., different or same as the first antenna) using asecond link/communication/channel (e.g., relative to the firstlink/communication/channel, the second link/communication/channel may beentirely different, entirely same/similar, at least partially different,or at least partially same/similar), and/or using a secondfrequency/communication/link/channel attribute (e.g., relative to thefirst frequency/communication/link/channel attribute, the secondfrequency/communication/link/channel attribute may be entirelydifferent, entirely same/similar, at least partially different, or atleast partially same/similar) at a second time (e.g., relative to thefirst time, the second time may be entirely different, entirelysame/similar, at least partially different, or at least partiallysame/similar) or second time period (e.g., relative to the first timeperiod, the second time period may be entirely different, entirelysame/similar, at least partially different, or at least partiallysame/similar) to the second apparatus (e.g., AP and/or STA). Asmentioned, in some aspects, such first and second portions may include,or be associated with, the same/similar identifier bit(s) (as describedherein).

In some aspect, an apparatus (e.g., AP and/or STA) may generate the oneor more portions of information of the plurality of portions ofinformation according to disjoining process, a mapping process,apportionment process, de-aggregation process, all of which mayinterchangeably/alternatively be referred to herein as a “disjoiningprocess.” In some aspects, the disjoining process may include disjoiningan aggregation of information into a plurality of information portions,and, in some aspects, arranging for transmission, scheduling fortransmission, preparing for transmission, and/or actually transmittingthe plurality of information portions such that one or more informationportions having a first identifier bit(s) (as described herein) (e.g.,associated with, or corresponding to, higher-prioritytraffic/information) are transmitted prior to transmission of one ormore information portions having a second identifier bit(s) (asdescribed herein) (e.g., associated with, or corresponding to,lower-priority traffic/information).

In some aspect, an apparatus (e.g., AP and/or STA) may receive the oneor more portions of information of the plurality of portions ofinformation using a plurality of antennas/channels/chains/transceiversand/or process such information according to a conjoining process, are-mapping process, re-apportionment process, a re-aggregation process,all of which may interchangeably/alternatively be referred to herein asa “conjoining process.” In some aspects, data portions having the sameidentifier bit(s) (as described herein) may be conjoined together forfurther processing.

As described herein, concerted communication(s) (as described herein)may include any or more of the following communication(s) (e.g., amongpossibly one or more other forms of communication): (a)concurrent/synchronous communication, as described herein; (b)sequential/time-multiplexed/time-separated communication, as describedherein; and/or (c) independent/asynchronous communication.

In some aspects, an apparatus (e.g., AP and/or STA) may performcommunication, determine to perform communication, select a mode ofcommunication, indicate/communicate a capability to communicate, orbegin/enable communication according to any one or more of suchconcerted communication(s) (as described herein) (e.g., (a), (b), and/or(c), as described herein) (e.g., instead of any other concertedcommunication (e.g., (a), (b), and/or (c), as described herein)) basedat least in part on, according to, or in association with alink/channel/communicationproperty/parameter/attribute/threshold/value/limit/characteristic (e.g.,center frequency, frequency width, channel frequency, channel mask,frequency spectrum, frequency separation to anotherchannel/link/communication, interference (e.g., from/to anotherchannel/link/communication), link/channel/communication direction (e.g.,uplink vs. downlink), virtual carrier sensing (e.g., network allocationvector (NAV), physical/energy sensing/detection (e.g., a channelassessment), a communication mode setting, a duration/size/length of apacket/frame/signal/data-unit currently being or expected to becommunicated, physical location of and/or separation of two or moreantennas/transceivers/chains, a distance between a transmitting device(e.g., AP/STA) and a receiving device (e.g., STA/AP), and/or number(e.g., quantity) of active/enabled/disabled/disable-able/enable-ablelinks/channel s/communications) of that link/channel/communicationand/or one or more other link(s)/channel(s)/communication(s).

For example, if a link/channel/communicationproperty/parameter/attribute of a first link/channel/communication istoo similar (or too dissimilar) with respect to a secondlink/channel/communication, then an apparatus (e.g., AP and/or STA) mayperform communication, determine to perform communication, select a modeof communication, indicate/communicate a capability to communicate, orbegin/enable communication according to a first one of theaforementioned concerted communication(s) (as described herein) (e.g.,(a), (b), and/or (c)) instead of a second one of the aforementionedconcerted communication(s) (as described herein) (e.g., (a), (b), and/or(c)).

In some aspects, information may be transmitted in various forms,formats, types, and configurations without deviating from the scope ofthe present disclosure. In some aspects, the following terms maybeinterchangeable without deviating from the scope of the presentdisclosure: bit(s), symbol(s), tone(s), packet(s), frame(s), data,message(s), portion(s), beacon(s), data packet(s), awaken packet(s),request packet(s), response packet(s), request(s), response(s), dataframe(s), channel(s), communication channel(s), signal(s), signaling(s),broadcast, broadcast message(s), unicast, unicast message(s), multicast,multicast message(s), communication(s), transmission(s), reception(s),indication(s), information, any encapsulation of information thatincludes any one or more of the foregoing, anycombination/permutation/variation of any one or more of the foregoingterms, and/or various other similar/suitable terms. As described herein,the following terms may be interchangeable in certainaspects/embodiments without deviating from the scope of the presentdisclosure: radio(s), antenna(s), chain(s), transceiver(s),transmitter(s), receiver(s), and/or various other similar/suitableterms. As described herein, the following terms can be interchangeablein certain aspects/embodiments without deviating from the scope of thepresent disclosure: communication, link, transmission, reception,signal, channel, communication channel, beacon, and/or various othersuitable terms.

In some aspects, to determine whether it can, is allowed/permitted to,is capable of, is available to, or is restricted/prohibited fromparticipation in one or more of the concerted communication(s) describedherein (e.g., one or more concerted communication(s) involving one ormore other AP(s) (e.g., one or more secondary APs, as describedherein)), an AP (e.g., a primary AP, as described herein) may initiate,engage in, and/or respond to a communication, a communication protocol,or a signal from one or more other apparatuses, as described herein(e.g., one or more other APs, one or more primary APs, one or moresecondary APs, one or more STA, and/or various other apparatuses).

In some aspects, a first apparatus (e.g., an AP, a primary AP, and/or asecondary AP, as described herein) may communicate (e.g., transmit), anda second apparatus (e.g., a/another AP, a/another primary AP, a/anothersecondary AP, or one or more STAs, as described herein) may receive, aframe/packet/signal/information configured to announce the firstapparatus' capability, interest, support, availability, orunavailability to engage/participate in one or more concertedcommunication(s) (as described herein). In some aspects, after, inresponse to, based on, or at least in association with thatframe/packet/signal/information (configured to announce the firstapparatus' capability, interest, support, availability, orunavailability to engage/participate in one or more concertedcommunication(s) (as described herein)), that second apparatus maytransmit an acknowledgement message to confirm receipt of thatframe/packet/signal/information.

In some aspects, a first apparatus (e.g., a STA, secondary AP, orprimary AP, as described herein) may notify/inform (e.g., communicate asignal/frame configured to notify/inform) a second apparatus (e.g.,a/another secondary AP, a/another primary AP, or a/another STA, asdescribed herein) whether the first apparatus consents to, has acapability, interest, support, availability, desire, or unavailabilityto engage/participate in one or more concerted communication(s) (asdescribed herein) with that second apparatus.

In some aspects, a first apparatus (e.g., a secondary AP, a primary AP,or a STA, as described herein) may notify/inform (e.g., communicate asignal/frame configured to notify/inform) a second apparatus (e.g.,a/another secondary AP, a/another AP, a/another STA) whether the firstapparatus consents to, has a capability, interest, support,availability, desire, or unavailability to have one or more concertedcommunication(s) (as described herein) be scheduled, coordinated, orcontrolled by that second apparatus.

In some aspects, a first apparatus may be, or may be determined to be,the primary AP (as described herein) (e.g., as opposed to the secondaryAP, as described herein) when, if, upon, because, or at least in partdue to that apparatus acquiring, obtaining, or securing an access medium(e.g., wireless access medium), channel (e.g., wireless communicationchannel), or frequency (or a range of frequency values) (e.g., forwireless communication) prior to or instead of a second apparatus (e.g.,another AP) that may have or have been trying or tried to acquire,obtain, or secure the same (access medium, channel, or frequency, asmentioned above). In the foregoing aspects, a second apparatus (e.g.,another AP) that may have or have been trying or tried to acquire,obtain, or secure the same (access medium, channel, or frequency, asmentioned above) (e.g., but may have been unable/unsuccessful in doingso before the first apparatus (e.g., primary AP) doing so) may be, ormay be determined to be, the secondary AP (as described herein) (e.g.,as opposed to the primary AP, as described herein).

In some aspects, the one or more second apparatus (e.g., one or moresecondary AP(s), as described herein) communicates or is configured tocommunicate (e.g., directly) a signal/frame/packet with both the firstapparatus (e.g., primary AP, as described herein) and the one or morethird apparatus (e.g., one or more STA(s), as described herein). In someaspects, the first apparatus (e.g., primary AP, as described herein)communicates or is configured to (1) communicate a signal/frame/packetwith the one or more second apparatus (e.g., one or more secondaryAP(s)) (e.g., directly, not indirectly) (e.g., by directly transmittingthe signal/frame/packet from a transceiver of the first apparatus (e.g.,primary AP) to a transceiver of the one or more second apparatus (e.g.,one or more secondary AP(s)), and/or (2) communicate asignal/frame/packet (e.g., same signal/frame/packet) to the one or morethird apparatus (e.g., one or more STA(s)) (e.g., indirectly, notdirectly) by utilizing the one or more secondary apparatus (e.g., one ormore secondary AP(s)) (e.g., without directly transmitting thatsignal/frame/packet from a transceiver of the first apparatus (e.g.,primary AP) to a transceiver of the one or more third apparatus (e.g.,one or more STA(s)).

In some aspects, a first apparatus may be, or may be determined to be,the primary AP (as described herein) (e.g., as opposed to the secondaryAP, as described herein) when, if, upon, because, or at least in partdue to that first apparatus initiating/starting/transmitting one or moresignals/frames/packets/communications of concerted communication (asdescribed herein) with a second apparatus (e.g., another AP). In theforegoing aspects, that second apparatus may be, or may be determined tobe, the secondary AP (as described herein) (e.g., as opposed to theprimary AP, as described herein).

In some aspects, a first apparatus (e.g., configured to communicate inone or more concerted communication(s), as described herein) (e.g., theprimary AP, as described herein) may communicate a signal (e.g.,downlink signal) (e.g., simultaneously/concurrently) to one or moresecond apparatus (e.g., configured to communicate in one or moreconcerted communication(s), as described herein) (e.g., one or moresecondary AP(s), as described herein) to obtain/solicit/receive/trigger(e.g., simultaneously/concurrently) (e.g., (1) from the one or moresecondary AP(s), as described herein, and/or (s) from the one or moreSTA(s) that (e.g., simultaneously/concurrently) transmit to the one ormore secondary AP(s) and/or primary AP(s)) an identifier, address,listing, capability (e.g., capability to engage/participate in one ormore concerted communication (as described herein)), priorityinformation (e.g., capability to engage/participate in one or moreconcerted communication (as described herein)), or other communicationparameter/attribute of one or more third apparatus (e.g., configured tocommunicate in one or more concerted communication(s), as describedherein) (e.g., one or more STA(s), as described herein).

In some aspects, that first apparatus (e.g., primary AP, as describedherein) may utilize that obtained/solicited/received identifier,address, capability, or other communication parameter of that/thosethird apparatus to determine/select/coordinate/route to which of the oneor more secondary AP(s) to utilize for a communication (e.g., one ormore concerted communication(s), as described herein) (e.g., as opposedto one or more other secondary AP(s), as described herein). In someaspects, such communication may include (e.g., a downlink)data/information/signal/packet destined/intended for a particular STA(e.g., of the one or more STA(s)) (e.g., with which the secondary AP(s)communicates for transmission of that communication, and with which theprimary AP does not communicate for transmission of that communication).

In some aspects, one or more second apparatus (e.g., secondary AP(s), asdescribed herein) may transmit a signal (e.g., an uplink signal) to oneor more first apparatus (e.g., primary AP(s), as described herein), andthat signal may indicate one or more requirements, prerequisites, needs,constraints or criteria in relation to an attribute (e.g., a resource, afrequency, a bandwidth, a start time, an end time, acommunication/transmission duration, a basic service set or itsidentifier, a transmission opportunity, length(s) of one or more fields,a tone, a symbol, an allocation, a resource unit, a channel, a guardinterval, a number of symbols for a field) of wireless communication(e.g., concerted communication(s), as described herein) by/between theone or more first apparatus (e.g., primary AP(s), as described herein)and/or one or more second apparatus (e.g., secondary AP(s), as describedherein).

In some aspects, at time T1, the one or more first apparatus (e.g.,primary AP(s), as described herein) may generate and transmit aframe/packet (e.g., announcement/schedule) indicating/allocating one ormore of the following requirements, prerequisites, needs, constraints orcriteria (e.g., for downlink and/or uplink communication (e.g.,concerted communication(s), as described herein)) with the one or moresecond apparatus (e.g., secondary AP(s), as described herein): aresource, a frequency, a time, a bandwidth, length(s) of one or morefields, a tone, a symbol, an allocation, a resource unit, a channel, aguard interval, or a number of symbols for a field.

In some aspects, at time T2, the one or more second apparatus (e.g.,secondary AP(s), as described herein) may utilized one or more of theaforementioned requirements, prerequisites, needs, constraints orcriteria to generate and transmit a frame/packet (e.g.,announcement/schedule) indicating/allocating one or more of thefollowing requirements, prerequisites, needs, constraints or criteria(e.g., for downlink and/or uplink communication (e.g., concertedcommunication(s), as described herein)) with the one or more thirdapparatus (e.g., STA(s), as described herein): a resource, a frequency,a time, a bandwidth, length(s) of one or more fields, a tone, a symbol,an allocation, a resource unit, a channel, guard interval, or number ofsymbols for a field.

In some aspects, one or more attributes (e.g., a resource, a frequency,a bandwidth, a start time, an end time, a communication/transmissionduration, a basic service set or its identifier, a transmissionopportunity or its duration, a communication/transmissiontype/category/class, length(s) of one or more fields, a tone, a symbol,an allocation, a resource unit, a channel, a guard interval, or a numberof symbols for a field for/of wireless communication (e.g., concertedcommunication(s), as described herein)) between (to/from) the one ormore second apparatus (e.g., secondary AP(s), as described herein) andthe one or more third apparatus (e.g., STA(s)) may belimited/bounded/constrained/restricted/determined/calculated/selected/switched/altered/maintained/adjusted based (at least in part) on, (at least in part) due to, orin correlation/association with one or more attributes (e.g., aresource, a frequency, a bandwidth, a start time, an end time, acommunication/transmission duration, a basic service set or itsidentifier, a transmission opportunity or its duration, acommunication/transmission type/category/class, length(s) of one or morefields, a tone, a symbol, an allocation, a resource unit, a channel, aguard interval, or a number of symbols for a field for/of wirelesscommunication (e.g., concerted communication(s), as described herein))between (to/from) the one or more first apparatus (e.g., primary AP(s),as described herein) and the second apparatus (e.g., secondary AP(s), asdescribed herein).

For example, such one or more attributes (e.g., a resource, a frequency,a bandwidth, a start time, an end time, a communication/transmissionduration, a basic service set or its identifier, a transmissionopportunity or its duration, a communication/transmissiontype/category/class, length(s) of one or more fields, a tone, a symbol,an allocation, a resource unit, a channel, a guard interval, or a numberof symbols for a field for/of wireless communication (e.g., concertedcommunication(s), as described herein)) between one or more secondapparatus (e.g., secondary AP(s), as described herein) and one or morethird apparatus (e.g., STA(s), as described herein) may be the same as,a subset of, selected from, switched to/from, altered to/from,maintained at, adjusted to/from, or determined based (at least in part)on, (at least in part) due to, or in correlation/association with one ormore attributes (e.g., a resource, a frequency, a bandwidth, a starttime, an end time, a communication/transmission duration, a basicservice set or its identifier, a transmission opportunity or itsduration, a communication/transmission type/category/class, length(s) ofone or more fields, a tone, a symbol, an allocation, a resource unit, achannel, a guard interval, or a number of symbols for a field for/ofwireless communication (e.g., concerted communication(s), as describedherein)) between one or more first apparatus (e.g., primary AP(s), asdescribed herein) and one or more second apparatus (e.g., secondaryAP(s), as described herein).

In some aspects, one or more apparatus (e.g., AP(s)) may determine toutilize a plurality of resource units (as described herein) tocommunicate (e.g., transmit) information destined for/to, intendedfor/to, designated to/for, or addressed to/for one or more STAs (e.g., asingle STA, or each of a plurality of STAs). In some aspects, one ormore apparatus (e.g., AP(s)) may generate (and subsequently transmit,e.g., concurrently/simultaneously) a signal, frame, packet, data, orother suitable encapsulation of information comprising a plurality ofresource units (as described herein) destined for/to, intended for/to,designated to/for, or addressed to/for one or more STAs (e.g., a singleSTA, or each of a plurality of STAs). In some aspects, each of one ormore STAs may (e.g., simultaneously/concurrently) receive a signal,frame, packet, data, or other suitable encapsulation of informationcomprising a plurality of resource units (as described herein).

As described herein, in some aspects, a resource unit may comprise aplurality of tones, symbols, resource elements, or other suitableaspects. In some aspects, a resource unit (as described herein) may haveone or more resource unit attributes. In some aspects, a resource unitattribute (as described herein) includes at least one of the following:a size; a number/size/quantity of tones, symbols, and/or resourceelements; a duration; a modulation and coding scheme; a centerfrequency/tone/symbol/resource-element value, a lower/lowestfrequency/tone/symbol/resource-element value, a higher/highestfrequency/tone/symbol/resource-element value, a bandwidth, a frequencyrange, a center tone/symbol, a start and/or end time; and/or a guardinterval size/duration/symbol/tone/resource-element value/range/quantityassociated with the resource unit. In some aspects, the plurality ofresource units (as described herein) received by each of the one or moreSTAs (e.g., a single STA, or each of a plurality of STAs) may include afirst resource unit that includes at least a first resource unitattribute (as described herein) and a second resource unit that includesa second resource unit attribute (as described herein). In some aspects,the first resource unit attribute (as described herein) is differentfrom the second unit attribute (as described herein).

In some aspects, the first resource unit attribute (as described herein)comprises a value or an attribute that comprises/bears/has arelationship (e.g., mathematical/numerical/logical relationship)relative to a value or an attribute of the second resource unitattribute (as described herein), a limitation, a requirement, aboundary, and/or a condition.

In some aspects, the aforementioned relationship (e.g.,mathematical/numerical/logical relationship) may be that the value orattribute of first resource unit attribute (as described herein) iseither less than or equal to half of or greater than or equal to twicethe value or attribute of the second resource unit attribute (asdescribed herein). In some aspects, the aforementioned relationship(e.g., mathematical/numerical/logical relationship) may be that thevalue or attribute of first resource unit attribute (as describedherein) is either less than or equal to a quarter of or greater than orequal to quadruple the value or attribute of the second resource unitattribute (as described herein).

In some aspects, the aforementioned limitation, requirement, boundary,and/or condition may be that the number/quantity of (the aforementionedplurality of) resource units (as described herein) is limited or doesnot exceed a particular number/value (e.g., one, two, three, four, five,or any greater integer value) for/in each, or in/for a particular,bandwidth (e.g., range/span of frequency values) (e.g., 20 MHz, 40 MHz,80 MHz, two adjacent 80 MHz (80+80 MHz), 160 MHz, 240 MHz, two adjacent320 MHz (160+160 MHz), (and/or any combination/fraction/multiplethereof).

In some aspects, the aforementioned limitation, requirement, boundary,and/or condition may be that the aforementioned plurality of resourceunits (as described herein) are non-contiguous and/or contiguous. Insome aspects, the term contiguous means that two or more things (e.g.,two or more of the aforementioned plurality of resource units) are notseparated by anything (e.g., in the time domain and/or in the frequencydomain). In some aspects, the term contiguous means that two or morethings (e.g., two or more of the aforementioned plurality of resourceunits) are separated by at least one thing (e.g., in the time domain(e.g., a period of time) and/or in the frequency domain (e.g., one ormore punctured symbol/tone, one or more null symbol/tone, one or moreguard interval symbols/tones/resource-element, and/or other similaraspects)).

As mentioned, in some aspects, the first resource unit attribute (asdescribed herein) is different from the second unit attribute (asdescribed herein). In some aspects, the aforementioned limitation,requirement, boundary, and/or condition may be that the differencebetween the value or attribute of the first resource unit (as describedherein) and the value or attribute of the second resource unit (asdescribed herein) is equal to or less than, and/or equal to or greaterthan, one or more threshold values. For example, in some aspects, thedifference between any aforementioned first resource unit'snumber/size/quantity of tones/symbols/resource-elements, centerfrequency/tone/symbol/resource-element value, lower/lowestfrequency/tone/symbol/resource-element value, higher/highestfrequency/tone/symbol/resource-element value, and/orassociate/corresponding/adjacent guard intervalsize/duration/symbol/tone/range/quantity/resource-element and anyaforementioned second resource unit's number/size/quantity oftones/symbols/resource-elements, centerfrequency/tone/symbol/resource-element value, lower/lowestfrequency/tone/symbol/resource-element value, higher/highestfrequency/tone/symbol/resource-element value, and/orassociate/corresponding/adjacent guard intervalsize/duration/symbol/tone/range/quantity/resource-element may be equalto or less than, and/or equal to or greater than, one or more thresholdvalues. In some aspects, the one or more threshold values may be anumber/size/quantity of tones/symbols/resource-elements (e.g., 1, 2, 3,4, 5, 7, 15, 26, 52, 106, 242, 484, 996, 1001, and/or anycombination/fraction/multiple thereof), a frequency value/range/span(e.g., 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, two adjacent 80 MHz (80+80 MHz), 160 MHz,240 MHz, two adjacent 320 MHz (160+160 MHz), and/or anycombination/fraction/multiple thereof), and/or a guard intervalvalue/attribute/size/duration/symbol/tone/range/quantity (e.g., 1, 2, 3,4, 5, 7, and/or any greater integer value less than, e.g., 2,000).

As used herein, in some aspects, but not necessarily in all aspects, thefollowing terms may be utilized may be, or considered as being,interchangeable (if not expressly described as such herein) withoutdeviating from the scope of the present disclosure: tone(s), symbol(s),resource(s), resource-element(s), resource unit(s), resource portion(s),carrier(s), subcarrier(s), bit(s), signal(s), and other suitable termsrelating to such aspects.

In some aspects, a particular device, apparatus, or entity (e.g.,communication entity) (e.g., as described herein) may be, include, orcomprise an STA, an AP, and/or an entity; in some aspects, that STA, AP,and/or entity (as described herein) may itself contain, include, orcomprise a plurality of STAs, a plurality of APs, a plurality ofentities, a plurality of radios, a plurality of transceivers, aplurality of receivers, a plurality of transmitters, a plurality oftransceiver circuits, a plurality of radio circuits, a plurality oflinks, a plurality of link circuits, a plurality of channels, aplurality of channel circuits, a plurality of entities, a plurality ofentity circuits, and/or a plurality of communication circuits, as eachof which is described in greater detail herein.

In some aspects, the particular device, apparatus, and/or entity (asdescribed herein) may be configured to generate, transmit, receive,process, and/or communicate information including, relating to,associated with, and/or corresponding to a plurality ofaddresses/identifiers.

In some aspects, the plurality of addresses/identifiers may include afirst address/identifier (e.g., singular address/identifier) or firstaddress/identifier field. In some aspects, the first address/identifier(e.g., singular address/identifier) or first address/identifier fieldmay be corresponding to, associated with, configured to, and/or intendedto/for identify/identifying that particular device, apparatus, and/orentity (as described herein).

In some aspects, the plurality of addresses/identifiers may include asecond address/identifier or second address/identifier field. In someaspects, the plurality of addresses/identifiers may include a thirdaddress/identifier or third address/identifier field. In some aspects,the plurality of addresses/identifiers may include a plurality ofaddresses/identifiers or plurality of addresses/identifier fields.

In some aspects, second address/identifier, second address/identifierfield, third address/identifier, third address/identifier field, and/orthe plurality of addresses/identifiers may be corresponding to,associated with, configured to, and/or intended to/foridentify/identifying one or more of the plurality of STAs, plurality ofAPs, plurality of entities, plurality of radios, plurality oftransceivers, plurality of receivers, plurality of transmitters,plurality of transceiver circuits, plurality of radio circuits, and/orplurality of communication circuits, as each of which is described ingreater detail herein.

In some aspects, the one or more second address/identifier and/or secondaddress/identifier field may be corresponding to, associated with,configured to, and/or intended to/for identify/identifying a first oneof those aforementioned (plurality of STAs, plurality of APs, pluralityof entities, plurality of radios, plurality of transceivers, pluralityof receivers, plurality of transmitters, plurality of transceivercircuits, plurality of radio circuits, and/or plurality of communicationcircuits, as each of which is described in greater detail herein); insome aspects, the one or more third address/identifier and/or thirdaddress/identifier field may be corresponding to, associated with,configured to, and/or intended to/for identify/identifying a second one(e.g., another one, a different one, or the same one) of thoseaforementioned (plurality of STAs, plurality of APs, plurality ofentities, plurality of radios, plurality of transceivers, plurality ofreceivers, plurality of transmitters, plurality of transceiver circuits,plurality of radio circuits, a plurality of links, a plurality of linkcircuits, a plurality of channels, a plurality of channel circuits, aplurality of entities, a plurality of entity circuits, and/or pluralityof communication circuits, as each of which is described in greaterdetail herein).

In some (but not necessarily all) aspects, each one of at least two ofany of the following is configured to (e.g., at least at some time(s))maintain or determine (e.g., at least in part independently of one ormore of the others) its own power state/mode/condition/status:apparatus(es), AP(s), STA(s), entity/entities (e.g., communicationentity/entities), radio(s), link(s), link circuit(s), transceiver(s),receiver(s), transmitter(s), transceiver circuit(s), radio circuit(s),communication circuit(s), as each is described in greater detail herein.

In some aspects, an apparatus (e.g., STA/AP) may communicate a signal,frame, packet, field, or other information (e.g., to another apparatus,such as an AP/STA) configured to indicate a powerstate/mode/condition/status of that particular STA. After (e.g., withina period of time after), in response to, at least in part based on, orin association with communicating that signal, frame, field, or otherinformation, that same apparatus (e.g., STA/AP) may continue to operatein, or transition to an operation that is in, a powerstate/mode/condition/status that is either (a) similar to, the same as,corresponding, related to, or associated with, or (b) not similar to,not the same as, the opposite of, different from, not corresponding to,or not related to that communicated signal, frame, packet, field, orother information.

In some aspects, a first apparatus (e.g., first STA/AP) may communicateone or more signals, frames, packets, fields, or other information(e.g., to another apparatus, such as an AP/STA) configured to indicate apower state/mode/condition/status of, or associated with, anotherapparatus (e.g., second STA/AP) (e.g., that may be contained in the samedevice, apparatus, or entity as the first apparatus/STA). For example,in some aspects, the aforementioned signal, frame, packet, field, orother information may be configured to indicate that the other apparatus(e.g., second STA/AP) is currently and/or was recently/previously in anyone or more of the following: (i) aninactive/power-down/low-powered/doze/sleep state or mode of operation,and/or (ii) an active/powered-up/high-power/awake state or mode ofoperation.

In some aspects, after (e.g., within a period of time after), inresponse to, at least in part based on, or in association withcommunicating that signal, frame, field, or other information by thefirst apparatus (e.g., first STA/AP), the other apparatus (e.g., secondSTA/AP) may continue to operate in, or transition to an operation thatis in, a power state/mode/condition/status that is either (a) similarto, the same as, corresponding, related to, or associated with, or (b)not similar to, not the same as, the opposite of, different from, notcorresponding to, or not related to that communicated signal, frame,packet, field, or other information (which was communicated by the firstapparatus/STA/AP, for example).

In some aspects, a first apparatus (e.g., AP/STA) may utilize a firstlink/radio/transceiver/connection with a second apparatus (e.g., STA/AP)to communicate a signal, frame, packet, field, or other information thatis configured to indicate, or includes information related to anindication of, data or information ready/prepared/nearly-prepared (e.g.,buffered) for transmission using at least one of (a) the firstlink/radio/transceiver/connection with the second apparatus (e.g.,STA/AP) and/or (b) a second link/radio/transceiver/connection with thesecond apparatus (e.g., STA/AP) (e.g., a secondactual/possible/potential link/radio/transceiver/connection with thesecond apparatus (e.g., STA/AP)) (e.g., the secondlink/radio/transceiver/connection (even if actual/possible/potential)being different from the first link/radio/transceiver/connection withthe second apparatus (e.g., STA/AP)).

In some aspects, after (e.g., in time) and/or at least in part due to,based on, resulting from, or in association with the communication ofthe aforementioned signal, frame, packet, field of informationcommunicated utilizing the first link/radio/transceiver/connection, theaforementioned second link/radio/transceiver/connection with the secondapparatus (e.g., STA/AP) may transition/change to a differentstate/mode/status/operation (e.g., (i) transition/change from aninactive/power-down/low-powered/sleep/doze state or mode of operation toan active/powered-up/high-power/awake state or mode of operation, and/or(ii) transition/change from an active/powered-up/high-power/awake stateor mode of operation to an inactive/power-down/low-powered/sleep/dozestate or mode of operation).

In some aspects, a first apparatus (e.g., AP, STA, and/or entity, aseach is described in greater detail herein) may determine to communicate(e.g., transmit, and/or generate one or more signals for transmissionand transmit the generated one or more signals), or initiate a processto communicate, a plurality of dataunits/fields/portions/signals/segments. In some aspects, such pluralityof data units/fields/portions/signals/segments originate from, beparts/portions/units/fields/segments of, belong to, and/or be associatedwith a single/same/unitary/aggregate(d) data packet (e.g., MAC ProtocolData Unit (MPDU), MAC Service Data Unit (MSDU), Physical LayerConvergence Protocol (PLCP) Service Unit (PSDU), PLCP Protocol Data Unit(PPDU), etc.). In some aspects, such communication/transmission isperformed in accordance with any one or more aspect of concertedcommunication (as described in greater detail herein).

In some aspects, each of at least two or more of the plurality of dataunits/fields/portions/signals/segments may be associated with,corresponding to, or linked with the same/similar/related/associatedidentifier/information (e.g., traffic identifier, priority information,and/or QoS information). In some aspects, each of at least two or moreof the plurality of data units/fields/portions/signals/segments may beassociated with, corresponding to, or linked with differentidentifiers/information (e.g., different traffic identifiers, differentpriority information, and/or different QoS information). For example, insome aspects, a first data unit/field/portion/signal/segment may beassociated with, corresponding to, or linked with a firstidentifier/information (e.g., first traffic identifier, first priorityinformation, and/or first QoS information), and a second dataunit/field/portion/signal/segment may be associated with, correspondingto, or linked with a second identifier/information (e.g., second trafficidentifier, second priority information, and/or second QoS information)that may (but may not necessarily always be) different from the firstidentifier/information (e.g., first traffic identifier, first priorityinformation, and/or first QoS information).

In some aspects, each of two or more of the plurality of dataunits/fields/portions/signals/segments may be included in a singlecommunication queue/buffer, e.g., of the first apparatus (e.g., AP, STA,and/or entity, as each is described in greater detail herein). In someaspects, each of two or more of the plurality of dataunits/fields/portions/signals/segments may be included inseparate/different communication queues/buffers. For example, in someaspects, a first data unit/field/portion/signal/segment may be includedin a first communication queue/buffer, and a secondunit/field/portion/signal/segment is included in a second communicationqueue/buffer different from the first communication queue/buffer.

As mentioned, in some aspects, such communication/transmission isperformed in accordance with any one or more aspect of concertedcommunication (as described in greater detail herein). In some aspects,for example, the first data unit/field/portion/signal/segment iscommunicated/transmitted utilizing a first link/radio/transceiver/etc.(as described herein) of the first apparatus (e.g., AP, STA, and/orentity, as each is described in greater detail herein) whilesimultaneously, concurrently, and/or sequentially the second dataunit/field/portion/signal/segment is communicated/transmitted utilizinga second link/radio/transceiver/etc. (as described herein) of the firstapparatus (e.g., AP, STA, and/or entity, as each is described in greaterdetail herein).

In some aspects, the transmitted/communicated first and second dataunits/fields/portions/signals/segments may be received by a secondapparatus (e.g., STA, AP, and/or entity, as each is described in greaterdetail herein). In some aspects, such communication/reception isperformed in accordance with any one or more aspect of concertedcommunication (as described in greater detail herein). In some aspects,for example, the first data unit/field/portion/signal/segment iscommunicated/received utilizing a first link/radio/transceiver/etc. (asdescribed herein) of the second apparatus (e.g., STA, AP, and/or entity,as each is described in greater detail herein) while simultaneously,concurrently, and/or sequentially the second dataunit/field/portion/signal/segment is communicated utilizing a secondlink/radio/transceiver/etc. (as described herein) of the secondapparatus (e.g., STA, AP, and/or entity, as each is described in greaterdetail herein).

In some aspects, a plurality of (e.g., two or more) data packets (e.g.,MPDUs, MSDUs, PSDUs, PPDU, etc.) and/or a plurality of encoders areutilized/used to communicate/transmit/receive the first dataunit/field/portion/signal/segment via the firstlink/radio/transceiver/etc. (as described herein), and/or a plurality ofdata packets (e.g., MPDUs, MSDUs, PSDUs, PPDU, etc.) and/or a pluralityof encoders are utilized/used to communicate/transmit/receive the seconddata unit/field/portion/signal/segment via the secondlink/radio/transceiver/etc. (as described herein). In some aspects, asingle (e.g., no more than one) data packet (e.g., MPDU, MSDU, PSDU,PPDU, etc.) and/or a single (e.g., no more than one) encoder isutilized/used to communicate/transmit/receive the first dataunit/field/portion/signal/segment via the firstlink/radio/transceiver/etc. (as described herein), and/or a single(e.g., no more than one) data packet (e.g., MPDU, MSDU, PSDU, PPDU,etc.) and/or a single (e.g., no more than one) encoder is utilized/usedto communicate/transmit the second dataunit/field/portion/signal/segment via the secondlink/radio/transceiver/etc. (as described herein).

In some aspects, after, in response to, or at least based in part ondetecting such communication/reception, the second apparatus (e.g., STA,AP, and/or entity, as each is described in greater detail herein) mayarrange/rearrange, order/reorder, organize/reorganize,aggregate/re-aggregate, and/or prioritize/reprioritize the receivedfirst and second data units/fields/portions/signals/segments. In someaspects, such arranging/rearranging, ordering/reordering,organizing/reorganizing, aggregation/re-aggregation, and/orprioritizing/reprioritizing may be performed (e.g., in some aspects, bya communication queue/buffer of the aforementioned second apparatus) inaccordance with, at least in part based on, or in association with theaforementioned identifier/information (e.g., traffic identifier,priority information, and/or QoS information). For example, in someaspects, the second apparatus (e.g., STA, AP, and/or entity, as each isdescribed in greater detail herein) may generate or output asingle/same/unitary/aggregate data packet (e.g., MPDU, MSDU, PSDU, etc.)containing at least the first and second dataunits/fields/portions/signals/segments.

In some aspects, the aforementioned communication queue/buffer of theaforementioned second apparatus performs or is utilized in a process oroperation that is associated with, corresponding to, or at least in partbased on a space/spacing of one or more sequence numbers of, pertainingto, or associated with the first data unit/field/portion/signal/segmentand/or the second data unit/field/portion/signal/segment. In someaspects, a first space/spacing of one or more sequence numbers of,pertaining to, associated with, and/or utilized by (i) the first dataunit/field/portion/signal/segment communicated/transmitted by theaforementioned first apparatus, and/or (ii) the aforementioned firstapparatus, may be different/disassociated from a second space/spacing ofone or more sequence numbers of, pertaining to, associated with, and/orutilized by (a) the second data unit/field/portion/signal/segmentcommunicated/received by the aforementioned second apparatus, and/or (b)the aforementioned second apparatus. In some aspects, a firstspace/spacing of one or more sequence numbers of, pertaining to,associated with, and/or utilized by the first dataunit/field/portion/signal/segment communicated/transmitted by theaforementioned first apparatus may besimilar/same/related/correlated/linked to a second space/spacing of oneor more sequence numbers of, pertaining to, associated with, or utilizedby (x) the second data unit/field/portion/signal/segmentcommunicated/received by the aforementioned second apparatus, and/or (y)the aforementioned second apparatus.

In some aspects, the second apparatus (e.g., STA, AP, and/or entity, aseach is described in greater detail herein) may determine to communicate(e.g., transmit, and/or generate one or more signals for transmissionand transmit the generated one or more signals), or initiate a processto communicate, a message configured to acknowledge receipt of at leastthe first and second data units/fields/portions/signals/segments. Insome aspects, the second apparatus (e.g., STA, AP, and/or entity, aseach is described in greater detail herein) may perform thiscommunication/transmission utilizing a number (e.g., quantity) oflinks/radios/transceivers/etc. that is fewer than (e.g., half of) thenumber (e.g., quantity) of links/radios/transceivers/etc. utilized tocommunicate/receive the at least first and second dataunits/fields/portions/signals/segments. For example, in some aspects,the second apparatus (e.g., STA, AP, and/or entity, as each is describedin greater detail herein) may utilize two (or more)links/radios/transceivers/etc. for the communication/reception of the atleast first and second data units/fields/portions/signals/segments butonly utilize one (or any number fewer than the aforementioned two ormore links/radios/transceivers/etc.) for communication/transmission ofthe message configured to acknowledge receipt of at least the first andsecond data units/fields/portions/signals/segments.

In some aspects, at least one identifier/information (e.g., trafficidentifier, priority information, and/or QoS information) is associatedwith each link/radio/transceiver/connection/etc. (as described herein).In some aspects, every link/radio/transceiver/connection/etc. (asdescribed herein) is enabled/capable/unrestricted/non-prohibited forcommunications/communicating (e.g., uplink and/or downlink)data/information/packets/signals/frames/etc. associated with anyidentifier/information (e.g., traffic identifier, priority information,and/or QoS information). In some aspects, at least some/onelink/radio/transceiver/connection/etc. (as described herein) isdisenabled/incapable/restricted/prohibited forcommunications/communicating (e.g., uplink and/or downlink)data/information/packets/signals/frames/etc. associated with one or moreidentifiers/information (e.g., traffic identifiers, priorityinformation, and/or QoS information). In some aspects, at least some/onelink/radio/transceiver/connection/etc. (as described herein) iscommitted/mandated for communications/communicating (e.g., uplink and/ordownlink) data/information/packets/signals/frames/etc. associated withone or more identifiers/information (e.g., traffic identifiers, priorityinformation, and/or QoS information). For example, in some aspects,data/information/packets/signals/frames/etc. associated with one or moreidentifiers/information (e.g., traffic identifiers, priorityinformation, and/or QoS information) isrouted/prioritized/mapped/adjusted for communication using/utilizingthat at least some/one link/radio/transceiver/connection/etc. (asdescribed herein).

In some aspects, an apparatus (e.g., AP, STA, and/or entity, as each isdescribed in greater detail herein), after, in response to, based atleast in part on, and/or in association with the foregoing aspects(e.g., of some/all link(s)/radio(s)/transceiver(s)/connection(s)/etc.being (i) enabled/capable/unrestricted/non-prohibited, (ii)disenabled/incapable/restricted/prohibited, (iii) committed/mandated,and/or (iv) routed/prioritized/mapped/adjusted/mapped), the apparatusmay perform any one or more of the following: (1) initiate/perform anyaction, operation, or process that results in one or more of theplurality of links/radio/transceivers/connections/etc. (as describedherein) being, becoming, and/or transitioning (e.g., from aninactive/power-down/low-powered/doze/sleep state or mode of operation)to/in an active/powered-up/high-power/awake state or mode of operation;and/or (2) initiate/perform any action, operation, or process thatresults in one or more of the plurality oflinks/radio/transceivers/connections/etc. (as described herein) being,becoming, and/or transitioning (e.g., from anactive/power-up/high-powered/awake state or mode of operation) to/in aninactive/powered-down/low-power/doze/sleep state or mode of operation.

In some aspects, an apparatus (e.g., AP, STA, and/or entity, as each isdescribed in greater detail herein), after, in response to, based atleast in part on, and/or in association with (1) one or more of theplurality of links/radio/transceivers/connections/etc. (as describedherein) being, becoming, and/or transitioning (e.g., from aninactive/power-down/low-powered/doze/sleep state or mode of operation)to/in an active/powered-up/high-power/awake state or mode of operation;and/or (2) one or more of the plurality oflinks/radio/transceivers/connections/etc. (as described herein) being,becoming, and/or transitioning (e.g., from anactive/power-up/high-powered/awake state or mode of operation) to/in aninactive/powered-down/low-power/doze/sleep state or mode of operation,performing/initiating any action, operation, or process for (e.g.,dynamically)adjusting/routing/re-routing/prioritizing/re-prioritizing/mapped/re-mapped,enabling/activating, disabling/restricting/prohibiting, and/orcommitting/mandating communication (e.g., uplink and/or downlink) ofdata/information/packets/signals/frames/etc. utilizing one or more(e.g., active/powered-up/high-power/awake-state)link(s)/radio(s)/transceiver(s)/connection(s)/etc. of the plurality oflinks/radios/transceivers/connections/etc. (as described herein) (e.g.,in some aspects, in association with, at least in part based on, and/orin response to the one or more identifiers/information (e.g., trafficidentifiers, priority information, and/or QoS information) of thatdata/information/packets/signals/frames/etc.).

FIG. 5 is a diagram 500 illustrating a non-limiting example of aprocessing system 505 according to some aspects of the presentdisclosure. In some aspects, the processing system 505 is included in oris a component of AP 110. In some aspects, the processing system 505 isAP 110. The processing system 505 may have various circuits, algorithms,hardware components, software modules, and/or computer-readable mediumstoring computer-executable instructions comprising various algorithms,any of the foregoing of which, individually or in some combination, mayprovide the structure corresponding to the means for performing any oneor more of the functions, features, steps, elements, methods,operations, and/or aspects described throughout the present disclosure.

The processing system 505 may include a bus 506. The bus 506 may includeany number of interconnecting buses and/or bridges depending on theparticular design of processing system 505. The bus 506 may provide aconnection/link between various aspects of the processing system 505,which may include one or more of the following: processor(s) 550,computer-readable medium 540, memory 530, user interface 510, businterface 520, transceiver 504, and/or antenna(s) 502. The bus 506 mayenable a link between/to various other aspects, such as timing sources,peripherals, voltage regulators, and/or power management circuits. Theuser interface 510 may exchange data via the bus interface 520. The businterface 520 may provide an interface between the bus 506 and thetransceiver 504.

The transceiver 504 may be connected to one or more antennas 502. Thetransceiver 504 may provide a means for wirelessly communicating (e.g.,receiving data and/or transmitting data) with various other apparatusover a wireless transmission medium. In some aspects, the transceiver504 may receive a signal from the one or more antennas 502, extractinformation from the received signal, and provide the extractedinformation to the processor(s) 550. In some aspects, the transceiver504 may receive information from the processor(s) 550 and, based on thereceived information, generate a signal to be applied to the one or moreantennas 502. The memory 530 may include various information/data 532related to any one or more of the functions, features, steps, methods,processes, operations, and/or aspects described herein.

Although some examples of “transceiver 504” are provide herein, one ofordinary skill in the art will understand that such examples arenon-limiting. For example, in some aspects, “transceiver 504” may referto, be substituted for, or alternatively be a plurality of transceivers,even if not expressly illustrated in the non-limiting example of FIG. 5,without deviating from the scope of the present disclosure, and suchplurality of transceivers can be utilized or be configured to operateaccording to any one or more aspect described herein in relation to aplurality of transceivers. Similarly, although some examples of “antenna502” are provided herein, one of ordinary skill in the art willunderstand that such examples are non-limiting. For example, in someaspects, “antenna 502” may refer to, be substituted for, oralternatively be a plurality of antennas, even if not expresslyillustrated in the non-limiting example of FIG. 5, without deviatingfrom the scope of the present disclosure, and such plurality of antennascan be utilized or be configured to operate according to any one or moreaspect described herein in relation to a plurality of antennas.

The processor(s) 550 may include one or more circuits configured toenable, may perform one or more algorithms related to, and/or mayprovide the structure (e.g., means for) corresponding to any one or moreof the functions, features, steps, methods, processes, operations,and/or aspects described herein. In some aspects, the receptioncircuit(s)/algorithm(s) 551 may be configured to enable, may perform oneor more algorithms related to, and/or may provide the structure (e.g.,means for) corresponding to any one or more of the functions, features,steps, methods, processes, operations, and/or aspects described herein,e.g., with respect to AP 110, in relation to or involving any receivingof anything. In some aspects, the process circuit(s)/algorithm(s) 552may be configured to enable, may perform one or more algorithms relatedto, and/or may provide the structure (e.g., means for) corresponding toany one or more of the functions, features, steps, methods, processes,operations, and/or aspects described herein, e.g., with respect to AP110, in relation to or involving any processing, initiating,demodulating, modulating, encoding, and/or decoding of anything.

In some aspects, the control circuit(s)/algorithm(s) 553 may beconfigured to enable, may perform one or more algorithms related to,and/or may provide the structure (e.g., means for) corresponding to anyone or more of the functions, features, steps, methods, processes,operations, and/or aspects described herein, e.g., with respect to AP110, in relation to or involving any using, determining, considering,refraining from, selecting, utilizing, setting, affecting,transitioning, comparing, foregoing, and/or inferring of anything. Insome aspects, the transmission circuit(s)/algorithm(s) 554 may beconfigured to enable, may perform one or more algorithms related to,and/or may provide the structure (e.g., means for) corresponding to anyone or more of the functions, features, steps, methods, processes,operations, and/or aspects described herein, e.g., with respect to AP110, in relation to or involving any transmitting, generation, and/orcommunicating of anything. In some aspects, the othercircuit(s)/algorithm(s) 555 may be configured to enable, may perform oneor more algorithms related to, and/or may provide the structure (e.g.,means for) corresponding to any one or more of the functions, features,steps, methods, processes, operations, and/or aspects described herein,e.g., with respect to AP 110, in relation to or involving anything else.

The processor(s) 550 may be responsible for various processingoperations, including the execution of software (e.g., instructions,code, algorithms, etc.) stored in/on the computer-readable medium 540.Each of the circuits 551, 552, 553, 554, 555 described herein may be orinclude one or more hardware components specifically configured to carryout the stated processes/algorithm, implemented by one or moreprocessor(s) 550 configured to perform the stated processes/algorithm,stored within a computer-readable medium 540 for implementation by theone or more processor(s) 550, memory 530, or any combination thereof

The computer-readable medium 540 may be used for storing data that isused, processed, and/or manipulated by the processor(s) 550. Thecomputer-readable medium 540 may be a non-transitory computer-readablemedium. The computer-readable medium 540 may include one or moreinstructions (e.g., computer-executable code) configured to enable, mayperform one or more algorithms related to, and/or may provide thestructure (e.g., means for) corresponding to any one or more of thefunctions, features, steps, methods, processes, operations, and/oraspects described herein. In some aspects, the receptioninstruction(s)/algorithm(s) 541 may include one or more instructions(e.g., computer-executable code) configured to enable, may perform oneor more algorithms related to, and/or may provide the structure (e.g.,means for) corresponding to any one or more of the functions, features,steps, methods, processes, operations, and/or aspects described herein,e.g., with respect to AP 110, in relation to or involving any receivingof anything. In some aspects, the process instruction(s)/algorithm(s)542 may include one or more instructions (e.g., computer-executablecode) configured to enable, may perform one or more algorithms relatedto, and/or may provide the structure (e.g., means for) corresponding toany one or more of the functions, features, steps, methods, processes,operations, and/or aspects described herein, e.g., with respect to AP110, in relation to or involving any processing, initiating,demodulating, modulating, encoding, and/or decoding of anything.

In some aspects, the control instruction(s)/algorithm(s) 543 may includeone or more instructions (e.g., computer-executable code) configured toenable, may perform one or more algorithms related to, and/or mayprovide the structure (e.g., means for) corresponding to any one or moreof the functions, features, steps, methods, processes, operations,and/or aspects described herein, e.g., with respect to AP 110, inrelation to or involving any using, determining, considering, refrainingfrom, selecting, utilizing, setting, affecting, transitioning,comparing, foregoing, and/or inferring of anything. In some aspects, thetransmission instruction(s)/algorithm(s) 544 may include one or moreinstructions (e.g., computer-executable code) configured to enable, mayperform one or more algorithms related to, and/or may provide thestructure (e.g., means for) corresponding to any one or more of thefunctions, features, steps, methods, processes, operations, and/oraspects described herein, e.g., with respect to AP 110, in relation toor involving any transmitting, generation, and/or communicating ofanything. In some aspects, the other instruction(s)/algorithm(s) 545 mayinclude one or more instructions (e.g., computer-executable code)configured to enable, may perform one or more algorithms related to,and/or may provide the structure (e.g., means for) corresponding to anyone or more of the functions, features, steps, methods, processes,operations, and/or aspects described herein, e.g., with respect to AP110, in relation to or involving anything else.

In some aspects, a radio 508 includes or refers to the transceiver 504.In some aspects, a radio 508 includes or refers to the transceiver 504and the one or more antennas 502. In some aspects, a radio 508 includesor refers to the transceiver 504 and one or more of the other componentsdescribed herein (e.g., one or more processor(s) 550, any computerreadable medium 540, the bus 506, the bus interface 520, and/or memory530), possibly also including the one or more antennas 502. A radio 508may additionally or alternatively be designed and implemented usingvarious components, at least one or all of which may not be illustratedin FIG. 5 nor explicitly described herein, without necessarily deviatingfrom the scope of the present disclosure.

FIG. 6 is a diagram 600 illustrating a non-limiting example of aprocessing system 605 according to some aspects of the presentdisclosure. In some aspects, the processing system 605 is included in oris a component of STA 120. In some aspects, the processing system 605 isSTA 120. The processing system 605 may have various circuits,algorithms, hardware components, software modules, and/orcomputer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructionscomprising various algorithms, any of the foregoing of which,individually or in some combination, may provide the structurecorresponding to the means for performing any one or more of thefunctions, features, steps, elements, methods, operations, and/oraspects described throughout the present disclosure.

The processing system 605 may include a bus 606. The bus 606 may includeany number of interconnecting buses and/or bridges depending on theparticular design of the processing system 605. The bus 606 may providea connection/link between various aspects of the processing system 605,which may include one or more of the following: processor(s) 650,computer-readable medium 640, memory 630, user interface 610, businterface 620, first transceiver 604, second transceiver 664, antenna(s)662, and/or antenna(s) 602. The bus 606 may enable a link between/tovarious other aspects, such as timing sources, peripherals, voltageregulators, and/or power management circuits. The user interface 610 mayexchange data via the bus interface 620. The bus interface 620 mayprovide an interface between the bus 606 and the transceivers 604, 664.

The transceivers 604, 664 may be respectively connected to one or moreantennas 602, 662. The transceivers 604, 664 may provide means forwirelessly communicating (e.g., receiving data and/or transmitting data)with various other apparatus over a wireless transmission medium. Insome aspects, the transceivers 604, 664 may receive a signal from theone or more antennas 602, 662, extract information from the receivedsignal, and provide the extracted information to the processor(s) 650.In some aspects, the transceivers 604, 664 may receive information fromthe processor(s) 650 and, based on the received information, generate asignal to be applied to the one or more antennas 602, 662. The memory630 may include various information/data 632 related to any one or moreof the functions, features, steps, methods, processes, operations,and/or aspects described herein.

The processor(s) 650 may include one or more circuits configured toenable, may perform one or more algorithms related to, and/or mayprovide the structure (e.g., means for) corresponding to any one or moreof the functions, features, steps, methods, processes, operations,and/or aspects described herein. In some aspects, the receptioncircuit(s)/algorithm(s) 651 may be configured to enable, may perform oneor more algorithms related to, and/or may provide the structure (e.g.,means for) corresponding to any one or more of the functions, features,steps, methods, processes, operations, and/or aspects described herein,e.g., with respect to STA 120, in relation to or involving any receivingof anything. In some aspects, the process circuit(s)/algorithm(s) 652may be configured to enable, may perform one or more algorithms relatedto, and/or may provide the structure (e.g., means for) corresponding toany one or more of the functions, features, steps, methods, processes,operations, and/or aspects described herein, e.g., with respect to STA120, in relation to or involving any processing, initiating,demodulating, modulating, encoding, and/or decoding of anything.

In some aspects, the control circuit(s)/algorithm(s) 653 may beconfigured to enable, may perform one or more algorithms related to,and/or may provide the structure (e.g., means for) corresponding to anyone or more of the functions, features, steps, methods, processes,operations, and/or aspects described herein, e.g., with respect to STA120, in relation to or involving any using, determining, considering,refraining from, selecting, utilizing, setting, affecting,transitioning, comparing, foregoing, and/or inferring of anything. Insome aspects, the transmission circuit(s)/algorithm(s) 654 may beconfigured to enable, may perform one or more algorithms related to,and/or may provide the structure (e.g., means for) corresponding to anyone or more of the functions, features, steps, methods, processes,operations, and/or aspects described herein, e.g., with respect to STA120, in relation to or involving any transmitting, generation, and/orcommunicating of anything. In some aspects, the othercircuit(s)/algorithm(s) 655 may be configured to enable, may perform oneor more algorithms related to, and/or may provide the structure (e.g.,means for) corresponding to any one or more of the functions, features,steps, methods, processes, operations, and/or aspects described herein,e.g., with respect to STA 120, in relation to or involving anythingelse.

The processor(s) 650 may be responsible for various processingoperations, including the execution of software (e.g., instructions,code, algorithms, etc.) stored in/on the computer-readable medium 640.Each of the circuits 651, 652, 653, 654, 655 described herein may be orinclude one or more hardware components specifically configured to carryout the stated processes/algorithm, implemented by one or moreprocessor(s) 650 configured to perform the stated processes/algorithm,stored within a computer-readable medium 640 for implementation by theone or more processor(s) 650, memory 630, or any combination thereof

The computer-readable medium 640 may be used for storing data that isused, processed, and/or manipulated by the processor(s) 650. Thecomputer-readable medium 640 may be a non-transitory computer-readablemedium. The computer-readable medium 640 may include one or moreinstructions (e.g., computer-executable code) configured to enable, mayperform one or more algorithms related to, and/or may provide thestructure (e.g., means for) corresponding to any one or more of thefunctions, features, steps, methods, processes, operations, and/oraspects described herein. In some aspects, the receptioninstruction(s)/algorithm(s) 641 may include one or more instructions(e.g., computer-executable code) configured to enable, may perform oneor more algorithms related to, and/or may provide the structure (e.g.,means for) corresponding to any one or more of the functions, features,steps, methods, processes, operations, and/or aspects described herein,e.g., with respect to STA 120, in relation to or involving any receivingof anything. In some aspects, the process instruction(s)/algorithm(s)642 may include one or more instructions (e.g., computer-executablecode) configured to enable, may perform one or more algorithms relatedto, and/or may provide the structure (e.g., means for) corresponding toany one or more of the functions, features, steps, methods, processes,operations, and/or aspects described herein, e.g., with respect to STA120, in relation to or involving any processing, initiating,demodulating, modulating, encoding, and/or decoding of anything.

In some aspects, the control instruction(s)/algorithm(s) 643 may includeone or more instructions (e.g., computer-executable code) configured toenable, may perform one or more algorithms related to, and/or mayprovide the structure (e.g., means for) corresponding to any one or moreof the functions, features, steps, methods, processes, operations,and/or aspects described herein, e.g., with respect to STA 120, inrelation to or involving any using, determining, considering, refrainingfrom, selecting, utilizing, setting, affecting, transitioning,comparing, foregoing, and/or inferring of anything. In some aspects, thetransmission instruction(s)/algorithm(s) 644 may include one or moreinstructions (e.g., computer-executable code) configured to enable, mayperform one or more algorithms related to, and/or may provide thestructure (e.g., means for) corresponding to any one or more of thefunctions, features, steps, methods, processes, operations, and/oraspects described herein, e.g., with respect to STA 120, in relation toor involving any transmitting, generation, and/or communicating ofanything. In some aspects, the other instruction(s)/algorithm(s) 645 mayinclude one or more instructions (e.g., computer-executable code)configured to enable, may perform one or more algorithms related to,and/or may provide the structure (e.g., means for) corresponding to anyone or more of the functions, features, steps, methods, processes,operations, and/or aspects described herein, e.g., with respect to STA120, in relation to or involving anything else. Additional detailsrelated to the aspects described in FIG. 6 are provided throughout thepresent disclosure.

In some aspects, a first radio 608 (e.g., PR 222) includes or refers tothe first transceiver 604. In some aspects, a first radio 608 (e.g., PR222) includes or refers to the first transceiver 604 and the one or moreantennas 602. In some aspects, a first radio 608 (e.g., PR 222) includesor refers to the transceiver 604 and one or more of the other componentsdescribed herein (e.g., one or more processor(s) 650, any computerreadable medium 640, the bus 606, the bus interface 620, and/or memory630), possibly also including the one or more antennas 602. A firstradio 608 (e.g., PR 222) may additionally or alternatively be designedand implemented using various components, at least one or all of whichmay not be illustrated in FIG. 6 nor explicitly described herein,without necessarily deviating from the scope of the present disclosure.

In some aspects, a second radio 668 (e.g., SR 224) may include or referto the second transceiver 664. In some aspects, a second radio 668(e.g., SR 224) may include or refer to the second transceiver 664 andthe one or more antennas 662. In some aspects, a second radio 668 (e.g.,SR 224) may include or refer to the second transceiver 664 and one ormore of the other components described herein (e.g., one or moreprocessor(s) 650, any computer readable medium 640, the bus 606, the businterface 620, and/or memory 630), possibly also including the one ormore antennas 662. A second radio 668 (e.g., SR 224) may additionally oralternatively be designed and implemented using various components, atleast one or all of which may not be illustrated in FIG. 6 norexplicitly described herein, without necessarily deviating from thescope of the present disclosure.

Several aspects of communication systems are presented herein withreference to various apparatus, methods, and computer-readable medium.These apparatus, methods, and computer-readable medium are described inthe detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings byvarious blocks, modules, components, circuits, steps, processes,algorithms, etc. (collectively referred to as “elements”). Theseelements may be implemented using electronic hardware, computersoftware, or any combination thereof. Whether such elements areimplemented as hardware and/or software may depend upon the particularapplication and/or design constraints imposed on the overallcommunication system. By way of example, an element, or any portion ofan element, or any combination of elements may be implemented with aprocessing system, e.g., as described herein, that includes one or moreprocessors.

Examples of processors include microprocessors, microcontrollers,digital signal processors (DSPs), field programmable gate arrays(FPGAs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), state machines, gated logic,discrete hardware circuits, and other suitable hardware configured toperform the various functionality described throughout this disclosure.One or more processors in the processing system may execute software.Software refers broadly to instructions, instruction sets, code, codesegments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules,applications, software applications, software packages, routines,subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures,functions, and other similar things, whether referred to as software,firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, orotherwise.

Various functions, features, steps, elements, methods, operations,and/or aspects described may be implemented in hardware, software,firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, thefunctions, features, steps, elements, methods, operations, and/oraspects may be stored on or encoded as one or more instructions or codeon a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media may includecomputer storage media. Computer storage media may be any availablemedia that can be accessed by a computer. Such computer-readable mediamay comprise a random-access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), anelectrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), compact disk ROM(CD-ROM) or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or othermagnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to carryor store desired program code in the form of instructions or datastructures and that can be accessed by a computer. Combinations of theforegoing may also be included within the scope of computer-readablemedia. Combinations of the foregoing may also be included within thescope of memory.

The specific order or hierarchy of the processes disclosed herein isprovided for non-limiting, illustrative purposes. Based upon design orimplementation preferences, the specific order or hierarchy of methods,operations, steps, functions, features, and/or aspects may bere-arranged without deviating from the scope of the present disclosure.Some methods, operations, steps, functions, features, and/or aspects maybe combined or omitted without deviating from the scope of the presentdisclosure. The accompanying claims present elements of the variousmethods, operations, steps, functions, features, and/or aspects is oneof many examples, and many other examples of methods, operations, steps,functions, features, and/or aspects exist without deviating from thescope of the present disclosure. The present disclosure is not limitedto any specific order or hierarchy, unless such specific order orhierarchy is explicitly and expressly required by the claims. The scopeof the claims shall not be construed as limited to the examples providedherein, unless a corresponding feature is explicitly and expresslyrecited in the claims.

Unless specifically stated otherwise, the term “some” refers to one ormore. Combinations such as “at least A, B, or C,” “at least one of A, B,or C,” “at least one of A, B, and C,” and “A, B, C, or any combinationthereof” include any combination of A, B, and/or C, which may includeany one of the following possibilities: (i) one or more of A; (ii) oneor more of B; (iii) one or more of C; (iv) one or more of A and one ormore of B; (v) one or more of A and one or more of C; (vi) one or moreof B and one or more of C; or (vii) one or more of A, one or more of B,and one or more of C. Nothing disclosed herein is intended to bededicated to the public regardless of whether such disclosure isexplicitly recited in the claims.

No claim element is a ‘means plus function’ claim element unless thatelement explicitly and expressly recites that claim element using thewords, “means for.” The description provided herein enables a personskilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein.Various modifications to these aspects are readily apparent to thoseskilled in the art. The claims are not necessarily intended to belimited to the specific aspects described herein, unless such aspect(s)is/are explicitly and expressly recited in the claims. Reference to anelement in the singular (e.g., “an apparatus”) is intended to mean “atleast one” (e.g., “at least one apparatus”) and is not intended to mean“one and only one” (e.g., not “one and only one apparatus”), unlessexplicitly and expressly recited as “one and only one” in the claims.

1. An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising: aprimary radio; a secondary radio; and one or more processors configuredto: utilize the secondary radio to receive a packet while the primaryradio is in a low power state, wherein the packet is configured to orincludes information to inform a receiving apparatus that a transmittingapparatus has prepared for transmission at least one unit of informationthat the transmitting apparatus is interested in communicating to one ormore apparatus, wherein the packet comprises a field that indicates aversion value; compare the received version value with a previouslyreceived version value and, based on the comparison, determine whetherto perform an operation to update the settings or parameters associatedwith a basic service set (BSS), wherein the settings or parametersassociated with the BSS affect communications using the primary radio;determine to perform concerted communication, wherein concertedcommunication comprises two or more apparatuses transmitting the same orsimilar information at the same time or time period in accordance with asetup protocol, wherein the setup protocol comprises: using at least oneantenna or radio of an apparatus to form an association with at leastone other apparatus; negotiating at least (a) how many links or channelsto be enabled by the apparatus (b) which radios of the apparatus to usefor that determine quantity of links or channels, (c) which types ofinformation will be communicated in each of those links or channels, (d)timing information and/or frequency information for such communications,or (e) information regarding whether such links or channels will be usedconcurrently or sequentially; and communicating of at least one of (i)an identifier of the packet/frame, an identifier of an apparatus (e.g.,AP), and/or an identifier of another apparatus (e.g., STA), (ii) a BasicService Set (BSS) identifier (BSSID) pertaining to the links orchannels, (iii) an operating class pertaining to the links or channels,(iv) assignment information relating which antenna or radio is to beutilized for the communications, (v) an indication indicating which of aplurality of channels or links is a primary channel or link and which ofthe plurality of channels/links is a secondary channel or link, or (vi)status information indicating whether or which of the one or morechannels or links is currently enabled or disabled.